Environmental Notes

• Feed inputs usually comprise algal feed, though some farms may use feed that contains small amounts of fishmeal.
• The open design of marine production systems means spawning-related escapes are a risk. However, native species account for the majority of Chinese-grown abalone. There is a risk of disease transfer from farmed abalone to wild abalone.
• Impacts on water quality from effluent are unlikely and concerns about chemical inputs are low, although there is the potential for chemicals to accumulate.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, January 8, 2017, Abalone, Haliotis spp., Worldwide, All production systems, including enclosed and sea ranching (Updated August 1, 2022)

Environmental Notes

• Catches of ETP fish species such as wolffish may occur.
• Bycatch of juvenile redfish is a concern. Other species are caught in the redfish trawl fishery with most bycatch retained.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed. Some areas are closed to trawling to protect vulnerable habitats and species.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to have direct impacts on ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• The impact depends on the gear type. Bottom trawls will have the greatest impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

Environmental Notes

• Impacts on ETP species vary by gear type. Interactions with vulnerable species such as sharks, sea turtles, and seabirds are a risk in the longline fishery. Bycatch of sea turtles also occurs in purse seine fisheries. There are some mitigation measures are in place to help protect vulnerable species.
• Bycatch of other tuna, billfishes and sharks is a risk for this fishery but varies by gear type. Longline and purse seine gear are associated with a higher risk of bycatch, while pole and line and troll gear typically have lower bycatch rates. Monitoring and reporting of bycatch data in fisheries managed by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission is poor.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Albacore tuna, Indian Ocean: All areas, Hook & line (longline)

Seafood Watch, March 2021, Tunas and large pelagics, Indian Ocean, Hand-operated pole-and-lines, Handlines and hand-operated pole-and-lines, Trolling lines, Floating object purse seine (FAD), Longlines
(unspecified), Unassociated purse seine (non-FAD)

Environmental Notes

• Impacts on ETP species vary by gear type. Interactions are known to occur with sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals in the North Pacific longline and purse seine fisheries. Management measures are in place to help protect vulnerable species. Handline, pole and troll fisheries have minimal impact on ETP species.
• Bycatch varies by gear type. Other tunas, sharks, billfish, and other fish are caught as bycatch species in the North Pacific albacore longline fisheries. Bycatch rates for purse seine and other gear are thought to be lower.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Impacts on ETP species vary by gear type. Interactions are known to occur with sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals in the North Pacific longline and purse seine fisheries. Management measures are in place to help protect vulnerable species. Handline, pole and troll fisheries have minimal impact on ETP species.
• Bycatch varies by gear type. Other tunas, sharks, billfish, and other fish are caught as bycatch species in the North Pacific albacore longline fisheries. Bycatch rates for purse seine and other gear are thought to be lower.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Impacts on ETP species vary by gear type. Interactions with vulnerable species such as sharks, sea turtles, and seabirds are a risk in the longline fishery. Bycatch of sea turtles also occurs in purse seine fisheries. Management measures are in place to help protect vulnerable species.
• Bycatch varies by gear type. Longline and purse seine gear are associated with a higher risk of bycatch, while pole and line and troll gear typically have lower bycatch rates. Monitoring and reporting of bycatch data in Atlantic tuna fisheries is poor.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Albacore tuna, South Atlantic, Hook & line (longline)

Seafood Watch, March 2021, Tunas and Swordfish, Atlantic Ocean, Drifting longlines, Floating object purse seine (FAD), Unassociated purse seine (non-FAD), Handlines and hand-operated pole-and-lines, Trolling lines, Handlines, Harpoons

Environmental Notes

• Data specific to impacts on ETP species in the South Pacific albacore fishery is not available. Interactions are known to occur with sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals in the South Pacific longline fisheries. Management measures are in place to help protect vulnerable species. Bycatch of sea turtles also occurs in purse seine fisheries.
• Bycatch varies by gear type. Other tunas, sharks, billfish, and other fish are caught as bycatch species in the South Pacific albacore longline fisheries. Bycatch rates for purse seine and other gear are thought to be lower.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Incidental capture of dolphins presents a risk in this fishery.
• Other small pelagic species are caught as bycatch in the Mediterranean including Atlantic chub mackerel. The common bycatch species in the Black Sea is the Mediterranean horse mackerel.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

References

Seafood Watch, April 2014 (Reviewed October 2020), European anchovy & European pilchard, Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Alboran Sea, Gulf of Lion, Ionian Sea, Ligurian Sea, Spain/Mediterranean, Strait of Sicily, Black Sea, Unassociated purse seine (non-FAD), Midwater trawls

Environmental Notes

• The fishery interacts with seabirds, rays, sea turtles, and marine mammals. Sea turtles and marine mammals are typically released alive but there are some concerns about catches of seabirds and rays. Catch of the depleted Pacific sardine in the South Peru-North Chile fisheries is also a concern.
• Bycatch is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

References

Seafood Watch, November 2024, Anchoveta, Araucanian herring, Inca scad, Pacific chub mackerel, Pacific, Southeast (Chile, Peru), Purse seines

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• The production of Arctic char relies on inputs from wild capture fisheries for feed. There are some concerns about the sustainability of fish stocks supplying feed due to the inability of coastal states in the region to set mutually agreed catch quotas.
• The risk of impacts on wild species are reduced through the use of land-based production systems. Broodstock are provided through a breeding program that is independent of wild stocks. While no escape events have been documented, the genetic difference between farmed Arctic charr and wild native Arctic charr increases the risk from escapes.
• Management measures are in place to limit impacts on water quality from farms discharging water and waste into coastal waters. There is no evidence that effluent discharge from Arctic char farms contributes to impacts on water quality.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Good Fish Guide - Arctic char, Europe, UK, Tanks, flow through

Seafood Watch, August 7, 2023, Arctic char, Iceland, Land-based flow-through systems

Seafood Watch, Arctic char, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• The production of Arctic char relies on inputs from wild capture fisheries for feed. There are some concerns about the sustainability of fish stocks supplying feed due to the inability of coastal states in the region to set mutually agreed catch quotas.
• The risk of impacts on wild species are reduced through the use of land-based production systems. Broodstock are provided through a breeding program that is independent of wild stocks. While no escape events have been documented, the genetic difference between farmed Arctic charr and wild native Arctic charr increases the risk from escapes.
• Management measures are in place to limit impacts on water quality from farms discharging water and waste into coastal waters. There is no evidence that effluent discharge from Arctic char farms contributes to impacts on water quality.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Arctic char, Europe, UK, Tanks, flow through

Seafood Watch, August 7, 2023, Arctic char, Iceland, Land-based flow-through systems

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to sharks and rays with this fishery.
• Bycatch of hake is a risk with this fishery.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• The Argentine red shrimp fishery is supported by two fishery improvement projects covering onshore and offshore components of the fishery.

References

Fishery Progress, Argentina onshore red shrimp - bottom trawl FIP

Fishery Progress, Argentina offshore red shrimp - bottom trawl FIP

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Measures to record and reduce bycatch of sea birds in the longline component of the fishery are needed.
• Sharks and skates are caught as bycatch in Icelandic fisheries.
• The impact depends on the gear type. Bottom trawls will have the greatest impact on the sea bed. However, the fishery operates at a depth where it is unlikely to impact vulnerable marine ecosystems.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic cod, Iceland, Bottom trawl (otter), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic cod, Iceland, Hook & line (longline), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Environmental Notes

• There are concerns about the cumulative impacts of fisheries in this area upon the endangered species, golden redfish.
• There is bycatch for this fishery but non-target species are retained. Management measures are in place to reduce impacts on retained species.
• The impact depends on the gear type. Bottom trawls will have the greatest impact on the sea bed. Management measures are in place to limit impacts on benthic habitats.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic cod, Northeast Arctic (Barents and Norwegian Sea), Bottom trawl (otter), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic cod, Northeast Arctic (Barents and Norwegian Sea), Hook & line (longline), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• There is a lack of Information about the impacts of the herring fishery on ETP species.
• There may be risks associated with bycatch by gillnet gear.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Direct interactions with ETP species are thought to be rare and this fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact.
• Bycatch in herring fisheries is considered low.
• The fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to have significant impacts on ETP species.
• Bycatch in this fishery is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. Management measures are in place to protect vulnerable habitats.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

Environmental Notes

• Species of concern are caught in the midwater trawl fishery including herring and shad. Interactions with marine mammals can occur through entanglement in trawl gear.
• Bycatch in the midwater trawl fishery is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. Midwater trawls occasionally contact the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

References

Seafood Watch, February 2024, Atlantic mackerel and Atlantic herring, U.S. & Canada: Northwest Atlantic, Bottom trawls, Midwater trawls, Purse seines

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed oysters.
• Spawning-related escapes and disease transfer have the potential to affect wild oyster populations.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or chemical inputs are used to support farmed oysters.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, October 5th, 2020, Oysters Crassostrea spp., Ostrea spp., Saccostrea spp., Worldwide, Bottom and Off-Bottom Culture

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed oysters.
• Spawning-related escapes and disease transfer have the potential to affect wild oyster populations.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or chemical inputs are used to support farmed oysters.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, October 5th, 2020, Oysters Crassostrea spp., Ostrea spp., Saccostrea spp., Worldwide, Bottom and Off-Bottom Culture

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to have significant impacts on ETP species.
• Bycatch in this fishery is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, October 2016, Oyster, Eastern (Canada), Crassostrea virginica, Canada/Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Hand implements, Updated November 2019

Seafood Watch, April 2018, Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, United States, Northwest Atlantic, Towed dredges, Hand Implements

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. Marine ingredients are sourced from fisheries that currently have no serious conservation concerns.
• There is an ongoing risk of impact that fish escaping from Canadian-sited farms may have on their wild counterparts (as evidenced by the higher numbers of escapees in Canadian rivers). Disease transfer from farmed salmon to wild salmon is also a concern.
• Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of pesticides and antimicrobials are infrequent though usage varies by production region.

General Notes

• A farm-based approach is used instead of a zonal approach for aquaculture management and licensing.

References

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic Salmon, Atlantic North America, Marine Net Pens

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic Salmon, British Columbia, Canada, Net Pens

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. Marine ingredients are sourced from fisheries that currently have no serious conservation concerns.
• There is an ongoing risk of impact that fish escaping from Canadian-sited farms may have on their wild counterparts (as evidenced by the higher numbers of escapees in Canadian rivers). Disease transfer from farmed salmon to wild salmon is also a concern.
• Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of pesticides and antimicrobials are infrequent though usage varies by production region.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• A farm-based approach is used instead of a zonal approach for aquaculture management and licensing.

References

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic Salmon, British Columbia, Canada, Net Pens

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic Salmon, Atlantic North America, Marine Net Pens

Seafood Watch, Atlantic salmon, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. Feed inputs are required to be responsibly sourced where possible.
• There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. Overall, the Chilean industry continues to struggle with the control of bacterial diseases and sea lice parasites as indicated by the very high levels of treatment.
• Direct impacts on water quality at the site are unlikely, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. The use of antibiotic and pesticides in Chile is high; studies on impact are limited.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

• A zonal management approach has been adopted based on groups of licenses known as Aquaculture Management Areas (AMAs), emergency disease zones, and Authorized Areas for Aquaculture (AAA).

References

FishSource - Salmon, Chile

Good Fish Guide, Atlantic Salmon, South America, Chile, All areas, Open net pen, marine

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic and Coho Salmon, Chile, Marine Net Pens

Seafood Watch, Atlantic salmon, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. In Denmark, the ratio of feed to kg of fish is restricted; wet feed and soft pellets are prohibited. The local government sets terms for the maximum feed use.
• There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration (DVFA) monitors and inspects all Danish fish farms and outlines procedures for the responses to disease outbreaks.
• Water quality is guided by the European Water Framework Directive, which aims for freshwater and coastal waterbodies to achieve a good ecological status. In Denmark, this goal is achieved via the use of river basin/watershed management plans. The local government sets terms for the maximum annual and daily discharge of nutrients and organic matter.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

FishSource - Salmon, Denmark

Environmental Notes

• Salmon production relies on wild capture fisheries for feed. The sustainability of fisheries supplying fishmeal and fish oil varies.
• There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. Escapes are a critical conservation concern in Production Areas 3, 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11. In addition, concerns have been expressed about the impact on wild wrasse populations used as cleaner fish to control sea lice.
• Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of pesticides used to control sea lice are of particular concern for farmed Norwegian salmon. The use of chemical pesticides has been reduced but varies by Production Areas.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• The Norwegian salmon industry has adopted a zonal approach to aquaculture management for licensing and disease management through the use of 13 Production Areas nationwide.

References:

FishSource - Salmon, Norway

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic salmon, Europe: Norway, All areas, Open net pen, marine

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic salmon, Europe: Scotland and Norway, Open net pen, marine, Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic salmon, Europe: Scotland and Norway, Open net pen, marine, Global Seafood Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 4* and 3*

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic salmon, Europe: Scotland, Norway, Faroe Islands, Open net pen, marine, GLOBALG.A.P.

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic Salmon, Norway, Marine Net Pens

Seafood Watch, Atlantic salmon, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Salmon production relies on wild capture fisheries for feed. The sustainability of fisheries supplying fishmeal and fish oil varies.
• There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. In addition, concerns have been expressed about the impact on wild wrasse populations used as cleaner fish to control sea lice.
• Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of pesticides used to control sea lice are of particular concern for farmed Scottish salmon. The use of chemical pesticides has declined over the last decade but varies by region.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• The industry follows a zonal approach to aquaculture management with respect to planning, siting, licensing, and operations.

References:

FishSource - salmon, United Kingdom

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic Salmon, Europe: UK, Scotland, Open net pen, marine

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic salmon, Europe: Scotland and Norway, Open net pen, marine, Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic salmon, Europe: Scotland and Norway, Open net pen, marine, Global Seafood Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 4* and 3*

Good Fish Guide - Atlantic salmon, Europe: Scotland, Norway, Faroe Islands, Open net pen, marine, GLOBALG.A.P.

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic Salmon, Scotland, Marine Net Pens

Seafood Watch, Atlantic salmon, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. Marine ingredients are sourced from fisheries that currently have no serious conservation concerns.
• There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. Management systems for containment are in place to reduce the risk of escapes and have greatly improved fish containment by farms as evidenced by the very low numbers of escapees identified in Maine rivers.
• Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of pesticides and antimicrobials are infrequent though usage varies by production region.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic Salmon, Atlantic North America, Marine Net Pens

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. Marine ingredients are sourced from fisheries that currently have no serious conservation concerns.
• There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. Management systems for containment are in place to reduce the risk of escapes and have greatly improved fish containment by farms as evidenced by the very low numbers of escapees identified in Maine rivers.
• Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of pesticides and antimicrobials are infrequent though usage varies by production region.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic Salmon, Atlantic North America, Marine Net Pens

Seafood Watch, Atlantic salmon, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• Environmental impacts are addressed to some degree by certification.

Environmental Notes

• Small inputs of fishmeal are required in the diet of pangasius.
• Pangasius is native to the Mekong and therefore escaped fish are unlikely to have direct impacts on local ecosystems. However, the effects of disease on pangasius farms upon wild fish populations is unknown. Juveniles used in pangasius farming come from Vietnamese hatcheries and the trade of wild-caught broodstock is limited.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter occurs on a relatively small scale when compared to the wider nutrient load in the Mekong. Nevertheless, the cumulative input of effluent from pond water exchange and the disposal of pond sludge contributes to the region's pollution problem. The improper disposal of sludge waste from pond bottoms is especially problematic. Environmental issues are mitigated by the certification standards but discharge limits need improvement. Chemical inputs to Vietnamese pangasius culture are high and there are concerns about the use of antibiotics important to human health.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• Pangasius aquaculture areas/zones are used to manage to siting, operations, and environmental protection.

References:

FishSource - Pangasius, Vietnam

Good Fish Guide - Basa (Pangasius bocourti & Pangasius hypophthalmus), Asia: Vietnam, Mekong Delta, Open net pen, freshwater

Good Fish Guide - Basa (Pangasius bocourti & Pangasius hypophthalmus), Global, Open net pen, Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)

Good Fish Guide - Basa (Pangasius bocourti & Pangasius hypophthalmus), Asia: Vietnam, All areas, Open net pen, freshwater, GLOBALG.A.P.

Seafood Watch, February 2014, Pangasius, Vietnam, Production System – Ponds, Updated June 2021

Seafood Watch, Sutchi catfish, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Pangasius Standard

Environmental Notes

• Catches of ETP fish species include several species of wolffish. Interaction with non-fish ETP species are low.
• The redfish trawl fishery catches a large number of species. Most of the bycatch is retained.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed. Management measures include area closures to protect sensitive habitats.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Giant tiger prawns are farmed in intensive and extensive systems that may require supplementary inputs of fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources.
• Frequent water exchange increases the likelihood of escapes, but the risk from escapes is low as giant tiger prawns are native to India. Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern. Production is reliant on wild-caught broodstock.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. There is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs, but evidence suggests that illegal antibiotics are sometimes used on shrimp farms in India.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

• The Coastal Aquaculture Act 2005 regulates shrimp farm planning and production. The Act adopts a zonal approach to aquaculture.

References:

FishSource - shrimp, India

Good Fish Guide - Tiger prawns, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Pond, improved extensive, Pond, semi-intensive

Good Fish Guide - Tiger prawn, Global, Pond, freshwater, Global Seafood Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 2* and 3*

Seafood Watch, October 2021, Whiteleg Shrimp, Giant Tiger Prawn, India, Ponds

Seafood Watch, Giant tiger prawn, Worldwide, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Finfish and Crustacean Farms (2, 3, 4-star)

Environmental Notes

• Giant tiger prawns are farmed in intensive and extensive systems that may require supplementary inputs of fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources.
• Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern. Although escapes do occur, giant tiger prawns are native to Vietnam, therefore lowering the risk to wild populations. However, the use of wild-caught juveniles to supply or supplement the stock on some farms may present a risk.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. The use of illegal antibiotics is a particular concern.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• Legislation supports the adoption of area-based approaches to planning and disease management.

References:

FishSource - Shrimp, Viet Nam

Good Fish Guide - Tiger prawns, India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Pond, improved extensive, Pond, semi-intensive

Seafood Watch, January 2023, Whiteleg Shrimp, Giant Tiger Prawn, Vietnam, Ponds

Seafood Watch, Giant tiger prawn, Worldwide, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Finfish and Crustacean Farms (2, 3, 4-star)

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• There is a risk of entanglement in the fishing gear for sea turtles and marine mammals.
• Bycatch is considered low but there are risks to diamondback terrapins, which are air-breathers.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, May 2019, Blue crab, United States, Pots and Trotline

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Some ETP species, including horseshoe crabs and rays, are caught in gillnets and traps.
• Bycatch for this fishery includes juvenile blue swimmer crabs, other crab species, lobsters, sea snails, and fin fishes.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, August 2023, Blue swimming crab, Indonesia, Bottom gillnet, Pots

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• The larval phase of mussels may be transported away from farm sites. The spread of non-native mussels and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern. Entanglement of marine wildlife in farm gear can occur but is thought to be rare.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, August 2020, Marine mussels, Worldwide, On and Off Bottom Culture

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• The larval phase of mussels may be transported away from farm sites. The spread of non-native mussels and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern. Entanglement of marine wildlife in farm gear can occur but is thought to be rare.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, August 2020, Marine mussels, Worldwide, On and Off Bottom Culture

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to have direct impacts on ETP species, though sea birds and marine mammals have the potential to interact with this fishery.
• Bycatch in this fishery is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.
  

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Very low amounts of fishmeal and fish oil are used in the catfish feed, which is made primarily from agricultural crop-derived ingredients.
• Risks of escapes, competition with, and disease outbreaks to wild catfish are low.
• Environmental impacts from effluents and chemical use are minimal and well-regulated.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, July 2017, Channel Catfish, United States, Ponds, Updated March 2022

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• Only naturally occurring spat are used to stock the farm so the transportation of the larval phase of mussels away from farm sites is not a concern.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Good Fish Guide - Chilean mussel, South America: Chile, Culture, bottom, Culture, suspension

Seafood Watch, August 2020, Marine mussels, Worldwide, On and Off Bottom Culture

Seafood Watch, Chilean mussel, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Bivalve Standard

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• Only naturally occurring spat are used to stock the farm so the transportation of the larval phase of mussels away from farm sites is not a concern.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Chilean mussel, South America: Chile, Culture, bottom, Culture, suspension

Seafood Watch, August 2020, Marine mussels, Worldwide, On and Off Bottom Culture

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• The source of stock is not well understood for China. The spread of non-native mussels and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern. Entanglement of marine wildlife in farm gear can occur but is thought to be rare.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Seafood Watch, August 2020, Marine Mussels, Mytilus spp, Perna spp., Worldwide, On and Off Bottom Culture

Seafood Watch, Chilean mussel, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Bivalve Standard

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• The source of stock is not well understood for China. The spread of non-native mussels and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern. Entanglement of marine wildlife in farm gear can occur but is thought to be rare.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, August 2020, Marine Mussels, Mytilus spp, Perna spp., Worldwide, On and Off Bottom Culture

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed clams.
• There is a risk of escapes during spawning events but little evidence to suggest there are negative effects of escaped clams on ecosystems or wild populations.
• There is no little concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support clams, and water quality is thought to improve at farm sites. Although effluent may be released from the hatchery or nursery phases, it is unlikely to have a negative impact on the environment.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, April 2018, Clams, Worldwide, Bottom and Off-Bottom Culture, Updated April 2023

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.
• Profile not yet complete.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.
• Profile not yet complete.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. The sustainability of fisheries supplying feed used for coho salmon in Chile was not identified.
  
• Large escape events continue to occur in Chile, although they only affect a small proportion of farms annually. Escaped coho salmon show greater evidence of establishment in Chile than Atlantic salmon. Escaped fish have been shown to predate on wild fish, which may affect native populations. The open nature of net pen production systems means there is a risk of disease transfer to wild fish, though monitoring and detection shows low rates in the wild of pathogens and parasites of concern to salmon farming.
• Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of pesticides and antimicrobials are high though usage varies by production region. There are concerns about the use of antimicrobials important to human health.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• A zonal management approach has been adopted based on groups of licenses known as Aquaculture Management Areas (AMAS), emergency disease zones, and Authorized Areas for Aquaculture (AAA).

References

FishSource - Salmon, Chile

Seafood Watch, December 2021, Atlantic and Coho Salmon, Chile, Marine Net Pens

Seafood Watch, Coho salmon, Chile, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• Environmental impacts are addressed to some degree by certification.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• Environmental impacts are addressed to some degree by certification.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• The red swamp crawfish was introduced to Egypt in the 1980s and is considered an invasive species.

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on ETP species.
• Management measures are in place to limit bycatch by fisheries operating in Morocco.
• The fishery uses purse seine gear, which is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

References

Good Fish Guide - European anchovy, Northwest Africa: Zone North, A and B: All areas, FAO 34: Atlantic, Eastern Central, Net (purse seine or ring)

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Production of farmed giant river prawns requires little to no feed inputs of wild fish for feed.
• Production relies heavily on the unsustainable input of wild-caught juveniles, which are in decline. But the use of wild-caught juveniles means that the risk to wild populations from escape events is low, despite the high likelihood of escapes occurring.
• Risks from chemical inputs are low and there is little risk from effluent discharge.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Good Fish Guide - Giant river prawn, Bangladesh, Pond, extensive

Seafood Watch, April 2017, Giant Tiger Prawn and Giant Freshwater Prawn, Bangladesh, Ponds, Updated December 2021

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed oysters.
• Spawning-related escapes and disease transfer have the potential to affect wild oyster populations.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or chemical inputs are used to support farmed oysters.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, October 5th, 2020, Oysters Crassostrea spp., Ostrea spp., Saccostrea spp., Worldwide, Bottom and Off-Bottom Culture

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed oysters.
• Spawning-related escapes and disease transfer have the potential to affect wild oyster populations.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or chemical inputs are used to support farmed oysters.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Seafood Watch, October 5th, 2020, Oysters Crassostrea spp., Ostrea spp., Saccostrea spp., Worldwide, Bottom and Off-Bottom Culture

Seafood Watch, Pacific oyster, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Bivalve Standard

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Bream require fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources in their diet. Concerns about the sustainability of feed inputs are relatively minor though they are not necessarily certified sustainable.
• Escapes are a concern and little is known about the risk of disease transfer to wild species.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter are a concern with open net pens. But impacts from effluent are localized. Chemical inputs are only used for health management and are applied in a controlled manner. Reports indicate responsible use, but there is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References:

Good Fish Guide - Gilthead bream, European Union and Turkey, Open net pen, marine

Good Fish Guide - Gilthead bream, European Union and Turkey, Open net pen, marine, Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)

Good Fish Guide - Gilthead bream, European Union and Turkey, Open net pen, marine, GLOBALG.A.P.

Seafood Watch, July 2020, Gilthead Seabream, European Seabass and Meagre, European Union, Turkey, Egypt

Environmental Notes

• Bream require fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources in their diet. Concerns about the sustainability of feed inputs are relatively minor though they are not necessarily certified sustainable.
• Escapes are a concern and little is known about the risk of disease transfer to wild species.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter are a concern with open net pens. But impacts from effluent are localized. Chemical inputs are only used for health management and are applied in a controlled manner. Reports indicate responsible use, but there is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Gilthead bream, European Union and Turkey, Open net pen, marine

Seafood Watch, July 2020, Gilthead Seabream, European Seabass and Meagre, European Union, Turkey, Egypt

Environmental Notes

• Impacts vary by gear type. Bycatch of marine mammals occurs in the gillnet and bottom trawl fisheries. Bycatch of seabirds occurs in the longline and gillnet fisheries. Monitoring and some mitigation measures are in place.
• Bycatch is not always reported as required. Several species of fish are used as bait in the longline and handline fisheries but there is a lack of data on bait use.
• Habitat impacts vary by gear type. Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed, but overall, this fishery is considered unlikely to have an irreversible impact on habitat structure and function.

General Notes

References

Vottunarstofan Tún ehf, September 2019, ISF Iceland Multi-Species Demersal Fishery Public Certification Report

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• There are concerns about the cumulative impacts of fisheries in this area upon the endangered species, golden redfish.
• Bycatch in this fishery is considered low. With some exceptions, all commercial species caught must be retained, recorded and landed. Additional measures to manage bycatch include area closures, minimum sizes, use of larger mesh sizes, bycatch limits, and the use of sorting grids for trawls.
• Impacts vary by gear type and are still not fully understood. Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• This fishery may interact with sea turtles and marine mammals.
• Bycatch is a risk in this mixed groundfish fishery.
• Impacts vary by gear type. Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• The impact of the squid fishery on ETP species is unknown. There is potential for the fishery to interact with marine mammals, sharks, rays, seabirds, and sea turtles.
• There is a lack of information on bycatch in this fishery and analysis is complicated by the multispecies nature of the fishery. Bycatch species may include finfish, sharks and rays.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed. The fishery presents a risk to corals and other vulnerable habitats.

General Notes

• Squid plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

References

Seafood Watch, February 2025, Environmental sustainability assessment of wild-caught squids from
India, Indonesia, and Thailand caught using bottom trawls, cast nets, and jigs

Environmental Notes

• The impact of the squid fishery on ETP species is unknown.
• There is a lack of information on bycatch in this fishery, but the fishery does catch other squid species that may be overexploited.
• Impacts vary by gear type. Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, May 2020, Mitre, Indian and Swordtip squid, China, Bottom trawls, Jig, Purse seines

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• More information is needed to understand the impact of the fishery on ETP species.
• Jigs or handlines comprise the main gear used in this fishery and are considered to be highly selective. Bycatch is expected to be minimal.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• The industry’s feed includes a high proportion of fishmeal and fish oil which is nearly all sourced from byproducts.
• The risk of escapes and the risk of competitive and genetic interactions with wild species are low.
• Data suggests that farms are generally compliant with regulations regarding effluent discharge but there is the potential for cumulative impacts of effluents at the waterbody scale.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

FishSource - Salmon, Canada

Seafood Watch, June 2019, Chinook salmon, British Columbia, Canada, Marine Net Pens

Environmental Notes

• The industry’s feed includes a high proportion of fishmeal and fish oil which is nearly all sourced from byproducts.
• The risk of escapes and the risk of competitive and genetic interactions with wild species are low.
• Data suggests that farms are generally compliant with regulations regarding effluent discharge but there is the potential for cumulative impacts of effluents at the waterbody scale.

General Notes

References

FishSource - Salmon, Canada

Seafood Watch, June 2019, Chinook salmon, British Columbia, Canada, Marine Net Pens

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• There is a risk of entanglement in the fishing gear for sea turtles and marine mammals, including the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale. Management measures are in place to reduce impacts but the effectiveness of those measures is uncertain.
• Bycatch is generally low. Some species including crab species are retained.
• Although pots and traps are unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed, there may be a cumulative impact from the large number of traps set in the fishery.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, September 2022, American Lobster, Canada: Northwest Atlantic, Pots

Seafood Watch, September 2022, American lobster, United States: Northwest Atlantic, Pots

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• There is a lack of information about the impact of the fishery on ETP species.
• Available data on bycatch is limited but information for the purse seine fishery suggests that the fishery has minimal impacts on bycatch species.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

References

Seafood Watch, January 2023, Sardine, anchovy, sardinella, mackerel, Morocco: Eastern Central Atlantic, Purse seines

Environmental Notes

• There is a lack of information about interactions between Chilean purse seiners and ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• Only naturally occurring spat are used to stock the farm so the transportation of the larval phase of mussels away from farm sites is not a concern.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, August 2020, Marine Mussels, Mytilus spp, Perna spp., Worldwide, On and Off Bottom Culture

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• The larval phase of mussels may be transported away from farm sites. The spread of non-native musels and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, August 2020, Marine mussels, Worldwide, On and Off Bottom Culture

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• The larval phase of mussels may be transported away from farm sites. The spread of non-native musels and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Seafood Watch, August 2020, Marine mussels, Worldwide, On and Off Bottom Culture

Seafood Watch, Blue mussel, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Bivalve Standard

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to ETP species including sharks and skates, sea turtles, and marine mammals in the trawl fisheries. The pot and trap octopus fishery is unlikely to have significant impacts on ETP species.
• Bycatch varies by gear type. There are concerns about bycatch in trawl fisheries for common octopus. In contrast, the risk of bycatch is considered low for octopus caught using pots and trap.
• Bottom trawls directly impact on the sea bed, while pots and traps are unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, March 2021, Common octopus, Eastern Central and Northeast Atlantic, Bottom trawls, Traps (unspecified), Pots, Jig

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to have significant impacts on ETP species.
  
• There is a lack of information on bycatch in this fishery but pots and traps are selective gears.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Species of concern include sharks and skates.
• Pacific cod is caught in a multispecies groundfish fishery. with few species considered to be bycatch.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed. Longline fisheries have much lower impact on habitats than bottom-towed gear such as trawls. However, if they are bottom longlines they can have negative impacts on vulnerable habitats.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, July 2014, Groundfish, US West Coast Grenadier Pacific cod Skates, Bottom trawls, Bottom longlines, Deep-set longlines

Seafood Watch, April 2016, Groundfish, British Columbia, Canada: Northeast Pacific Ocean, Bottom trawls, Jig, Longlines (shallow-set & deep-set), Set longlines, Trolling lines

Seafood Watch, August 2024, Groundfish, Canada—British Columbia: Northeast Pacific Ocean, Bottom trawls, Midwater trawls, Lines (jig, set longlines, trolling lines), and Traps

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to seabirds with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place.
• Bycatch in this fishery is considered low.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. However, management measures are in place to restrict trawling effort.

General Notes

• This species plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.
  

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• This source is farmed using a flow-through land based production system, which is likely to prevent many of the usual environmental impacts from fish farming.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• This source is farmed using a flow-through land based production system, which is likely to prevent many of the usual environmental impacts from fish farming.

Environmental Notes

• While encounters with marine mammals and birds have been documented in this fishery, the impact on ETP species is not thought to be significant.
• Bycatch rates are generally low. Catches of other salmon species are accounted for in the pink salmon management.
• Most fishing gear used to capture salmon is operated in the water column and is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat.

General Notes

References
Good Fish Guide - Pink salmon, Alaska, Pacific, Northeast, Net (gill or fixed; beach seine), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Good Fish Guide - Pink salmon, Alaska, Pacific, Northeast, Net (purse seine or ring), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• There are concerns about potential interactions with ETP species such as sea turtles, skates, wolffish, and marine mammals.
• Bycatch is a risk for this fishery.
• Gillnets and longlines can have an impact on the sea bed, but impacts of the fishery are not well understood.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, September 2015, Atlantic Cod, Atlantic Pollock, Northwest Atlantic Canada, Bottom Trawl, Bottom Longline, Gillnet

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. The sustainability of wild capture fisheries varies.
• The risk of escapes varies by production system and is higher for net pen systems compared to raceway systems, with large escape events from net pens documented in the past. Rainbow trout is not native to the provinces where it is farmed but has become established as a result of stocking programs. The risk of competitive or genetic impacts on wild fish populations is low to moderate. Disease issues are not a major concern because of regulatory controls and best management practices.
• There is potential for effluent discharge to have harmful effects at a site level as well as cumulative effects to receiving waterbodies, but data suggest that management and regulation have been effective in reducing nutrient concerns related to effluent. Use of antimicrobials including those important to human health is known to occur but may be low.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Seafood Watch, September 2024, Rainbow trout, Canada, Freshwater net pens, Freshwater raceways, Ponds, Tanks

Seafood Watch, Rainbow trout, Worldwide, Marine net pen, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. The sustainability of wild capture fisheries varies.
• The risk of escapes varies by production system and is higher for net pen systems compared to raceway systems, with large escape events from net pens documented in the past. Rainbow trout is not native to the provinces where it is farmed but has become established as a result of stocking programs. The risk of competitive or genetic impacts on wild fish populations is low to moderate. Disease issues are not a major concern because of regulatory controls and best management practices.
• There is potential for effluent discharge to have harmful effects at a site level as well as cumulative effects to receiving waterbodies, but data suggest that management and regulation have been effective in reducing nutrient concerns related to effluent. Use of antimicrobials including those important to human health is known to occur but may be low.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, September 2024, Rainbow trout, Canada, Freshwater net pens, Freshwater raceways, Ponds, Tanks

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources including whole wild fish and by-products are used.
• This species is not native to Chile but has become established in the wild due to intentional stocking. However, there are still concerns about the impact of farmed salmonid escapes and disease outbreaks on wild fish populations.
• Production using open net cages and ponds results in the discharge of waste and nutrients directly into the surrounding water. Impacts caused by effluent from raceway systems are lower. The impact of chemical inputs, including pesticides and antimicrobials important to human health, is unclear.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Seafood Watch, December 2022, Rainbow trout, Chile, Marine net pens

Seafood Watch, July 2023, Rainbow trout, Chile, Raceways

Seafood Watch, Rainbow trout, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources including whole wild fish and by-products are used.
• The risk of escapes varies by production system and is higher for net pen systems compared to raceway systems. Rainbow trout is not native to Colombia but has been categorised as "domesticated". However, there are still concerns about the impact of escapes and disease outbreaks on wild fish populations.
• Production using open net cages and ponds results in the discharge of waste and nutrients directly into the surrounding water. Impacts caused by effluent from raceway systems are lower. Chemical inputs appear to be low but there is a lack of data and the use of antimicrobials is a concern.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, January 2024, Rainbow trout, Colombia, Freshwater net pen, Freshwater raceways and Ponds

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts are addressed to some degree by certification.

Seafood Watch, Rainbow trout, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used.
• There are concerns about the impact of farmed trout escapes and disease outbreaks on wild fish populations.
• Production using open net cages and ponds results in the discharge of waste and nutrients directly into the surrounding water. Chemical inputs, including antibiotics, may be used in production.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

• The Norwegian salmon industry has adopted a zonal approach to aquaculture management for licensing and disease management through the use of 13 Production Areas nationwide.

References

FishSource - Salmon, Norway

Seafood Watch, Rainbow trout, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• Rainbow trout is fed a high energy diet with moderate amounts of fishmeal and fish oil. Most fishmeal and around two-thirds fish oil is sourced from whole fish.
• Rainbow trout is native to many waterways in North America and has been introduced throughout much of the region. Potential escapes pose no significant risk of additional ecological impacts and the industry follows best practices to minimize disease.
• The majority of production in the United States occurs in flowthrough raceways and ponds, with the remained in freshwater net pens. Regulatory oversight of effluent and chemical use in ponds and outdoor flowthrough raceways are strong. Effluent regulations for net pens are also strong, but there is potential for cumulative impacts on the water body. Available data indicates that antibiotics are used infrequently.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Seafood Watch, August 2023, Rainbow Trout, United States, Freshwater net pen, Outdoor flowthrough raceway, Ponds

Seafood Watch, Rainbow trout, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard

Environmental Notes

• There is no information about the impact of the fishery on ETP species. Interactions with sea turtles, rays, and seabirds may occur.
• There is a lack of information on bycatch in this fishery.
• Pots and traps are unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• The pot and trap component of the fishery is part of the Uruguay deep-sea red crab - trap FIP.

References

Bureau Veritas, April 2020, Deep Sea Red Crab Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Announcement Comment Draft Report

FisheryProgress - Uruguay deep-sea red crab - trap

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.
  

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Available data on fishery interactions with ETP species is still limited. But impacts are thought likely to be low.
• Impacts on bycatch species are likely to be low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

References

Good Fish Guide - Sardine, Northwest Africa: Zone A and B (Central), Net (pelagic trawl; purse seine)

Seafood Watch, January 2023, Sardine, anchovy, sardinella, mackerel, Morocco: Eastern Central Atlantic, Purse seines

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Information on ETP impacts in the Japanese fishery is limited. Some vessels catch Pacific bluefin tuna, which is listed as Near Threated.
• Japanese purse seine fisheries operate as multispecies fisheries with other species considered target rather than bycatch species.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Farmed scallops are not provided external feed.
• The risk of escapes is moderate and is driven by the potential of farmed scallops spawning during the production cycle, which releases eggs into the surrounding area. There is a limited understanding of whether diseases in farmed scallops affect wild populations. Bay scallop is not native to China so farmed production relies on hatchery-raised broodstock rather than depending on wild stock.
• Negative impacts on water quality are expected to be limited since no external feed and nutrient inputs are used and little to no chemicals appear to be used in the culture of scallops. Chemicals may be used in some circumstances for fouling, disease, or predation control, but there is limited data available on this.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

Environmental Notes

• Farmed scallops are not provided external feed.
• The risk of escapes is moderate and is driven by the potential of farmed scallops spawning during the production cycle, which releases eggs into the surrounding area. There is a limited understanding of whether diseases in farmed scallops affect wild populations. Depending on whether the species is native to the production country, seed stock is either sourced from hatcheries or wild-caught.
• Negative impacts on water quality are expected to be limited since no external feed and nutrient inputs are used and little to no chemicals appear to be used in the culture of scallops. Chemicals may be used in some circumstances for fouling, disease, or predation control, but there is limited data available on this.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, March 2021, Farmed Scallops, Worldwide, Bottom and Off-bottom culture

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Seabass require fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources in their diet. Concerns about the sustainability of feed inputs are relatively minor though they are not necessarily certified sustainable.
• Escapes are a concern and little is known about the risk of disease transfer to wild species.
• Impacts on water quality are localized and have not been shown to have cumulative impacts beyond the immediate farm site. Chemical inputs are only used for health management and are applied in a controlled manner. Reports indicate responsible use, but there is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Seabass, Global: European Union and Turkey, All areas, Open net pen, marine

Seafood Watch, July 2020, Gilthead Seabream, European Seabass and Meagre, European Union, Turkey, Egypt

Environmental Notes

• Seabass require fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources in their diet. Concerns about the sustainability of feed inputs are relatively minor though they are not necessarily certified sustainable. Certification criteria require feed used in seabass production to be traceable.
• Escapes are a concern and little is known about the risk of disease transfer to wild species.
• Impacts on water quality are localized and have not been shown to have cumulative impacts beyond the immediate farm site. Chemical inputs are only used for health management and are applied in a controlled manner. Reports indicate responsible use, but there is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs. Certification criteria regulate chemical usage.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Good Fish Guide - Seabass, Global: European Union and Turkey, All areas, Open net pen, marine

Good Fish Guide - Seabass, Global: European Union and Turkey, All areas, Open net pen, Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certification

Good Fish Guide - Seabass, Global: European Union and Turkey, All areas, Open net pen, marine, GLOBALG.A.P.

Seafood Watch, July 2020, Gilthead Seabream, European Seabass and Meagre, European Union, Turkey, Egypt

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Impacts vary by gear type. Purse seine gear is linked to bycatch of sharks, sea turtles, and marine mammals, while hook and line gear types are unlikely to impact ETP species.
• Bycatch varies by gear type. Longline and associated (FAD) purse seine fisheries are associated with a higher risk of bycatch. Other hook and line gears such as handline, pole and line, and trolling lines typically have less bycatch though the use of baitfish may be a concern. Monitoring and reporting of bycatch in the Indian Ocean is poor.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Skipjack tuna, East Atlantic, Hook & line (pole & line), Hook & line (troll)

Good Fish Guide - Skipjack tuna, East Atlantic, Net (purse seine on aggregating devices or free-schooling fish)

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to sea turtles, sharks, and marine mammals. Some management measures are in place to mitigate impacts.
• Other fish and sharks are caught as bycatch in this fishery. The risk of bycatch in associated (FAD) purse seine fisheries is higher than in unassociated (FAD-free) purse seine fisheries. Monitoring of bycatch varies by vessel size with 100% observer coverage required on large purse seine vessels.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide - Skipjack tuna, Eastern Pacific, Net (purse seine on aggregating devices or free-schooling fish)

Environmental Notes

• Purse seine gear presents a hazard to ETP species. Sharks, rays, and sea turtles can interact with the fishery but some measures are in place to minimise impacts. Bycatch of marine mammals and seabirds is thought to be low.
• The risk of bycatch in associated (FAD) purse seine fisheries is higher than in unassociated (FAD-free) purse seine fisheries. The main bycatch species groups are other tunas, billfishes, sharks, rays and fin fishes. There are some mitigation measures in place. Observer coverage in the Indian Ocean is low, but reaches 60-90% in certified fleets.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Skipjack tuna, Indian Ocean, Net (purse seine on aggregating devices or free-schooling fish)

Good Fish Guide - Skipjack tuna, Indian Ocean: Certified fleets only, Net (purse seine on aggregating devices or free-schooling fish), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. Although baitfish are used in the Maldives fishery, baitfish species are not thought to be at risk.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.