Environmental Notes

• This fishery is not believed to be an issue for ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is a risk.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Fishery Progress, Canada redfish (Unit 1 & 2) - trawl

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to have direct impacts on ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

Environmental Notes

• Bycatch includes at-risk Atlantic cod and flounders and long-finned pilot whales. Work to minimize bycatch is ongoing.
• Bottom trawls will impact the seafloor habitat.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Goosefish, United States, Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Bottom trawls

Environmental Notes

• The largest risk to ETP species posed by this fishery is through the entanglement of the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale. New management measures were introduced in 2019.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, American lobster, Canada, FAO 21: Atlantic, Northwest; Pot, trap or creel

Seafood Watch, American lobster, Canada (Nova Scotia), Southwest Nova Scotia, Pots

Environmental Notes

• The largest risk to ETP species posed by this fishery is through the entanglement of the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale. New management measures were introduced in 2019. This fishery has recently had its MSC certification suspended due to this issue.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, American lobster, USA: Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank: All areas; Pot, trap or creel

Seafood Watch, American lobster, United States, Georges Bank, Traps

Seafood Watch, American lobster, United States, Gulf of Maine, Traps

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact endangered, threatened and protected (ETP) species.
• This fishery is unlikely to have significant impacts on bycatch species.
• Dredges will directly impact on the sea bed, but the fishery is considered highly unlikely to reduce habitat structure and function to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Sea scallop, United States, Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Boat dredges, Marine Stewardship Council Certified

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to ETP species with this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance.
• There is a lack of information on bycatch in this fishery.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Yellow perch, Canada, Lake Erie, GIllnets, Marine Stewardship Council Certified

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to sharks and rays with this fishery.
• Bycatch of hake is a risk with this fishery.
• Bottom trawls directly impact the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Fishery Progress, Argentina offshore red shrimp - bottom trawl

Seafood Watch, Argentine red shrimp, Argentina, Southwest Atlantic Ocean, Bottom trawls

Environmental Notes

• There are significant concerns about the cumulative impacts of the Barents Sea fishery upon the endangered species, golden redfish, but most of the catch is taken by bottom trawls.
• There is bycatch for this fishery but non-target species are retained. Management measures are in place to reduce impacts on retained species.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Atlantic cod, Norway, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Marine Stewardship Council Certified Norway North East Arctic cod offshore (>12nm)

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to have direct impacts on ETP species.
• There is bycatch for this fishery but non-target species are retained. Management measures are in place to reduce impacts on retained species.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Atlantic cod, Iceland, Hook & line (longline), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Seafood Watch, Atlantic cod, Iceland, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Marine Stewardship Council Certified ISF Iceland Cod Fishery

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. Marine ingredients (herring, menhaden, anchovy) are sourced from fisheries that currently have no serious conservation concerns.
• There is an ongoing risk of impact that fish escaping from Canadian-sited farms may have on their wild counterparts (as evidenced by the higher numbers of escapees in Canadian rivers).
• The use of antibiotics was markedly high. The limited availability of registered pesticide therapeutants for the control of sea lice has resulted, at least twice, in the development of resistance to the few products permitted. There is potential for larger-scale, cumulative ecological impacts from effluents.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Atlantic Salmon, Farmed, Canada

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced.
• There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. Overall, the Chilean industry continues to struggle with the control of bacterial diseases and sea lice parasites as indicated by the very high levels of treatment.
• Direct impacts on water quality at the site are unlikely, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. The use of antibiotic and pesticides in Chile is high; studies on impact are limited.

General Notes

• A zonal management approach has been adopted based on licenses (concessions); groups of licenses - Aquaculture Management Areas (AMAs); emergency disease zones - Macro Zones; and Areas Autorizadas para el ejercicio de la Acuicultura - Appropriate Areas for Aquaculture (AAA).

References

FishSource, Salmon - Chile

Good Fish Guide, Atlantic salmon, Chile

Seafood Watch, Farmed Atlantic Salmon, Chile

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed.
• There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. Overall, the Chilean industry continues to struggle with the control of bacterial diseases and sea lice parasites as indicated by the very high levels of treatment.
• Direct impacts on water quality at the site are unlikely, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. The use of antibiotic and pesticides in Chile is high; studies on impact are limited.

General Notes

• A zonal management approach has been adopted based on licenses (concessions); groups of licenses - Aquaculture Management Areas (AMAs); emergency disease zones - Macro Zones; and Areas Autorizadas para el ejercicio de la Acuicultura - Appropriate Areas for Aquaculture (AAA).

References

FishSource, Salmon - Chile

Good Fish Guide, Atlantic Salmon, Farmed

Seafood Watch, Farmed Atlantic Salmon, Chile

Environmental Notes

• Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. Feed inputs are required to be responsibly sourced where possible.
• There is a high risk of escape and a lower risk of competitive and genetic impact on wild species.
• Antibiotics have not been administered on Faroese salmon farms for more than ten years, but pesticide use for the treatment of sea lice is substantial, with several different treatment types being used in recent years. Regarding seabed habitat impacts of settling particulate wastes, two-thirds of sites operated with minimal or minor pollution levels and one-third of sites were “polluted” or “very polluted.”

General Notes

The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.

References

Seafood Watch, Atlantic Salmon, Farmed, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Atlantic surfclam, United States, Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Boat dredges, Marine Stewardship Council Certified

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species.
  
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.
  

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Black grouper, United States, Gulf of Mexico, Set longlines

Environmental Notes

• Bycatch of marine mammals and many other species occurs, but none of the species are considered depleted or experiencing overfishing.
• The trawl fishery impacts offshore habitats where black sea bass burrows in the winter, but there are some measures that help to reduce these effects.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Black sea bass, United States, Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Bottom trawls

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• The larval phase of mussels may be transported away from farm sites. The spread of non-native musels and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Farmed Mussels, Worldwide, Best Aquaculture Practices Certified BAP Mussel Standard

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Blue squat lobster, Chile, Southeast Pacific Ocean, Bottom trawls, Marine Stewardship Council Certified Chile squat lobsters and nylon shrimp modified Trawl Fishery

Environmental Notes

• There is potential for interaction of bottom gillnets with turtles, sharks and dolphins. Bycatch of T. gigas was reported under non-target species data for gillnets and traps.
• Bycatch is a risk for this fishery.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Fishery Progress, Indonesian blue swimming crab - gillnet/trap

Seafood Watch, Blue swimming crab, Indonesia (Jawa), Eastern Indian Ocean, Gillnets and entangling nets

Seafood Watch, Blue swimming crab, Indonesia (Jawa), Eastern Indian Ocean, Pots

Environmental Notes

• Very low amounts of fishmeal and fish oil are used in the catfish feed, which is made primarily from agricultural crop-derived ingredients.
• Risks of escapes, competition with, and disease outbreaks to wild catfish are low.
• Environmental impacts from effulents and chemical use are minimal and well-regulated.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Channel Catfish, Farmed

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to ETP species with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place.
• There is bycatch for this fishery but non-target species are retained. Management measures are in place to reduce impacts on retained species.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. However, management measures are in place.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Haddock, United States, Gulf of Maine, Georges Bank, Otter trawls, Marine Stewardship Council Certified

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. There are a number of measures in place to mitigate impacts of the fishery on non-target species, juveniles, and habitats.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Haddock, Iceland, Bottom trawl (otter), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Good Fish Guide, Haddock, Iceland, Hook & line (longline), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Seafood Watch, Haddock, Iceland, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Marine Stewardship Council Certified

Environmental Notes

• External feed is not provided to farmed clams.
• There is little evidence available to support negative effects of escaped clams on ecosystems or wild populations.
• Effluent may be released from the hatchery or nursery phases, but this is not considered to have any negative effects on the environment, and filter-feeding of clams during grow-out is often cited as improving water quality and/or nutrient cycling in the vicinity near farms. No chemicals are known to be used during the grow-out phase of clam culture in North America.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Clams, Farmed

Environmental Notes

• There's very little data on what's caught, but it's likely to include other at-risk species of squid as well as corals, forage fish, turtles and sharks.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed.

General Notes

• Squid plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.

References

Seafood Watch, Indian squid, India, Eastern Indian Ocean, Western Indian Ocean, Bottom trawls

Environmental Notes

• Bycatch data is not yet available, but an observer program and management measures are in place.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Dolphinfish, Taiwan, Western Central Pacific Ocean, Drifting longlines

Environmental Notes

• No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels.
• The larval phase of mussels may be transported away from farm sites. The spread of non-native musels and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern.
• There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Chilean mussel, Chile, Farmed

Seafood Watch, Mussels, Farmed

Environmental Notes

• There is potential for turtle interactions with this fishery, but turtle excluder devices (TEDs) are fitted to nets for protection.
• Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Audubon G.U.L.F., Mississippi Shrimp FIP

Seafood Watch, Brown shrimp, United States, Gulf of Mexico, Bottom trawls

Environmental Notes

• Whether caught by dredge or hand-harvesting, bycatch is very low in these clam fisheries.
• The use of hydraulic dredges is the major concern, as these have impacts on the seafloor, even when used in sandy habitat. The impacts of hand-held rakes, shovels, and picks are unlikely to be significant, but more information is needed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Northern quahog, United States, Hand implements

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species.
• Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Red Snapper, United States, Gulf of Mexico, Vertical lines

Environmental Notes

• There is potential for turtle interactions with this fishery, but turtle excluder devices (TEDs) are fitted to nets for protection.
• Bycatch is a significant risk for this fishery.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Fishery Progress, Louisiana shrimp - otter/skimmer trawl FIP

Seafood Watch, White shrimp, United States, Gulf of Mexico, Bottom trawls

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• There is a well-developed strategy for managing impacts on bycatch, ETP species, habitats and the ecosystem. There is remote likelihood of or no known incidental mortality and serious injury of marine mammals. Bycatch of seabirds is thought to be low.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Pacific cod, Aleutian Islands: Certified fleets only, Bottom trawl (otter), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Seafood Watch, Pacific cod, United States (Alaska), Northwest & Northeast Pacific Ocean; Longlines, Pots, Bottom trawls; Marine Stewardship Council Certified BSAI and GOA Pacific cod

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to seabirds and marine mammals with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. However, management measures are in place.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Pacific cod, Bering Sea: Certified fleets only, Bottom trawl (otter), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Seafood Watch, Pacific cod, United States (Alaska), Northwest & Northeast Pacific Ocean; Longlines, Pots, Bottom trawls; Marine Stewardship Council Certified BSAI and GOA Pacific cod

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to seabirds with this fishery, but mitigation actions are underway.
• Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Pacific halibut, United States (Alaska), Northeast Pacific Ocean, Longlines, Marine Stewardship Council Certified

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species.
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Pacific ocean perch, United States (Alaska), Bering Sea, Bottom trawls

Environmental Notes

• Pangasius feed includes low levels of fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced.
• As a native species, the risk to wild populations from escapes is low. Juveniles used in pangasius farming come from Vietnamese hatcheries and the trade of wild-caught broodstock is limited.
• Panagsius farming in Vietnam is linked to illegal disposal of waste into adjoining waterways with cumulative impacts that contribute to water pollution. However, certified farms are assumed to dispose of waste properly.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• The government requires pangasius farms to be managed under a zonal approach.

References

Ocean Wise, Catfish

Seafood Watch, Sutchi Catfish, Vietnam, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Pangasius Farms (2, 3, 4-star)

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Snow crab, Russia, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Pots, Marine Stewardship Council Certified Russia Barents Sea Opilio Trap

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is a risk for ETP species including leather back turtles and several species of whales and wolffish. There are management measures in place.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Snow crab, Canada, Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Northern Gulf of St Lawrence and Estuary, Pots

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is a risk for ETP species including leather back turtles and several species of whales and wolffish. There are management measures in place.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Snow crab, Canada, Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Pots, Marine Stewardship Council Certified Newfoundland & Labrador snow crab Fishery

Environmental Notes

• Rainbow trout is fed a high energy diet with moderate amounts of fishmeal and fish oil (approximately 20% and 6%, respectively).
• Potential escapes pose no significant risk of additional ecological impacts.
• Regulatory oversight of effluent and chemical use in U.S. ponds and outdoor flowthrough raceways are strong, and the industry follows best practices to minimize disease.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Farmed Rainbow Trout, U.S.

Environmental Notes

• Rainbow trout is fed a high energy diet with moderate amounts of fishmeal and fish oil (approximately 20% and 6%, respectively).
• Potential escapes pose no significant risk of additional ecological impacts.
• Regulatory oversight of effluent and chemical use in U.S. ponds and outdoor flowthrough raceways are strong, and the industry follows best practices to minimize disease.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Farmed Rainbow Trout, U.S.

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.
• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Red swamp crayfish, United States (Louisiana), Atchafalaya Basin, Traps

Environmental Notes

• There is some interaction on endangered, threatened and protected species but this is generally very low.
• Bycatch levels are generally very low and mostly include other salmon species.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Red salmon, Alaska, Net (gill or fixed; beach seine), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)

Seafood Watch, Sockeye salmon, United States (Alaska), Northeast Pacific Ocean, Marine Stewardship Council Certified Alaska salmon Fishery

Environmental Notes

• The bycatch monitoring program reported ETP species, including fishes, seabirds and the South American sea lion, can be caught in very low proportions in the industrial fleet. Several mitigation measures are in place.
• This fishery is part of a bycatch reduction program. The target species represents over 98% of the total catch proportion while bycatch species include jumbo flying squid, bigeye flounder and grenadier.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Pangasius is an omnivore and as such is not heavily reliant on marine proteins and oils to form part of its diet, however the fish used to produce the feed is currently not certified as being responsibly managed or sustainable.
• The hyper-intensive production that occurs in Vietnam generates large volumes of effluent, and many farms are reportedly engaging in illegal dumping.
• Data on chemical use is not available, but there's evidence that it's very high and includes the use of antibiotics that are critically important to human health.

General Notes

• The Vietnamese government have introduced the VietGAP standard to serve as a bridge to lead Vietnamese pangasius enterprises and farmers to the certification of other internationally-recognised standards such as GLOBALG.A.P. and ASC.

References

Good Fish Guide, Basa; Asia, Vietnam, Mekong Delta; Open net pen, freshwater

Seafood Watch, Sutchi catfish, Vietnam, Ponds

FishSource - Pangasius, Vietnam

Environmental Notes

• There is a risk to ETP species with this fishery. Longlines present a hazard to turtles, seabirds and sharks.
• Bycatch for this fishery includes yellowfin tuna, billfish and sharks. This fishery catches species that play an essential role in the food web, and there are some measures to protect the ecosystem.
• Longlines have minimal habitat impacts.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Swordfish, Indian Ocean, Hook & line (longline)

Seafood Watch, Swordfish, Indian Ocean, Drifting longlines

Environmental Notes

• This fishery can have a bycatch of highly vulnerable species such as other sharks, turtles, and seabirds. There are some uncertainties in the catch data, and monitoring and enforcement needs to be improved
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Swordfish, North Atlantic, Hook & line (longline)

Environmental Notes

• The catch of at-risk or overfished turtles, seabirds, tuna, sharks, and other species is a major concern. Management is rated ineffective overall.
• There are some measures to reduce bycatch impacts, but they don't follow best practices, and their effectiveness is unknown. This fishery catches species that play an essential role in the food web, and more robust measures may be needed to protect the ecosystem.
• Drifting longlines have minimal habitat impacts.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Swordfish, North East Pacific, Hook & line (longline)

Seafood Watch, Swordfish, Eastern Central / Northeast Pacific Ocean, Drifting longlines

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to seabirds, sea turtles and marine mammals with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place.
• Species that play an essential role in the food web are caught or used for bait, and there are some measures to protect the ecosystem.
• Pole-and-line gears don't impact the habitat.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Swordfish, Southwest Pacific, Fishing gear Handlines and hand-operated pole-and-lines

Environmental Notes

• Tilapia typically does not require large inputs of fishmeal and fish oil in commercial feeds.
• The potential impacts on wild species are limited because tilapia has been historically introduced and actively stocked into the environment.
• The chemical use and the impact of effluent from farm operations have the potential to affect the waterbody.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Farmed Tilapia, Colombia

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to ETP species with this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance.
• There is a lack of information on bycatch in this fishery.
• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

References

Ocean Wise, Walleye

Seafood Watch, Walleye, Canada, Lake Erie, Gillnets, Marine Stewardship Council Certified Lake Erie Multi-species Commercial Fishery

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

References

Ocean Wise, Walleye

Seafood Watch, Walleye, Canada, Waterhen Lake, Gillnets, Marine Stewardship Council Certified Waterhen Lake walleye and northern pike commercial gillnet fishery

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed.
• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• There are risks to ETP species with this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance.
• Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance.
• Profile not yet complete.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced.
• Biosecurity measures minimise disease outbreaks and escapes.
• Chemical usage and effluent are monitored and limited.

General Notes

• The government has adopted a farm-based approach to aquaculture regulations and licensing.

References

FishSource - Shrimp, China

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 4*

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 2 and 3*

Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Farmed, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Finfish and Crustacean Farms (2, 3, 4-star)

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used.
• The environmental impacts are well managed and mangrove destruction for the construction of prawn ponds is no longer taking place in Ecuador and Honduras.
• Chemical usage is also minimal, as are effluent outputs, and surrounding prawn populations are not impacted by disease or escapes. However, there is a lack of data on welfare and humane slaughter practices.
• Management and regulation of the sector also needs to be better resourced to ensure effectiveness and environmental impact assessments should be required for small farms, as well as large, to account for cumulative impacts.

General Notes

• The government has adopted a farm-based approach to aquaculture regulations and licensing.

References

Good Fish Guide, King prawn; South America: Ecuador, Honduras; Pond, semi-intensive

FishSource - Shrimp, Ecuador

Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Ecuador, Semi-intensive pond

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced.
• Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern but infrequent water exchange on whiteleg shrimp farms moderates the risk. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to India and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. Waste discharge from whiteleg shrimp ponds is typically limited to once per production cycle.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• The aquaculture industry is currently managed under a farm-based approach.

References

FishSource - shrimp, India

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 4*

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 2 and 3*

Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Farmed, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Finfish and Crustacean Farms (2, 3, 4-star)

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. The feed inputs used are generally not traceable to species level and are not certified sustainable.
• Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern but infrequent water exchange on whiteleg shrimp farms moderates the risk. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to India and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. Waste discharge from whiteleg shrimp ponds is typically limited to once per production cycle.

General Notes

• The aquaculture industry is currently managed under a farm-based approach.
• Shrimp farms are managed by the Coastal Aquaculture Authority through the Coastal Aquaculture Authority CAA Act and Guidelines, which acknowledge the importance of zonal management.

References

FishSource - Shrimp, India

Good Fish Guide, King prawn (farmed), Asia: India, Vietnam and Indonesia

Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, India, Farmed

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. Certification criteria encourage the use of responsibly sourced marine products in feed.
• Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to Indonesia and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality and cumulative impacts across a region may occur.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• Legislation on zonal planning that is relevant to aquaculture does exist. A zonal approach to aquaculture is being introduced via an Aquaculture Improvement Project (AIP) in Muncar, Banyuwangi district, East Java.

References

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 4*

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 2 and 3*

Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Farmed, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Finfish and Crustacean Farms (2, 3, 4-star)

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced.
• Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern but infrequent water exchange on whiteleg shrimp farms moderates the risk. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to Thailand and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. Impacts on water quality vary depending on the frequency of waste discharge from ponds.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• Public information on zonal approaches to planning and production of shrimp farming in Thailand is limited.

References

FishSource - Shrimp, Thailand

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 4*

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 2 and 3*

Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Farmed, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Finfish and Crustacean Farms (2, 3, 4-star)

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fishoil from marine feed sources are used. Certification criteria encourage the use of responsibly sourced marine products in feed.
• Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern but infrequent water exchange on whiteleg shrimp farms moderates this risk. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to Vietnam and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. Waste discharge from whiteleg shrimp ponds is typically limited to once per production cycle, moderating the impact of effluents on water quality. There is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs, but evidence suggests that illegal antibiotics are sometimes used on Vietnamese shrimp farms.

General Notes

• The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification.
• The aquaculture industry is currently managed under a farm-based approach.

References

FishSource - Shrimp, Vietnam

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 4*

Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP 2 and 3*

Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Farmed, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Finfish and Crustacean Farms (2, 3, 4-star)

Environmental Notes

• Fishmeal and fishoil from marine feed sources are used.
• Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern but infrequent water exchange on whiteleg shrimp farms moderates this risk. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to Vietnam and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes.
• Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. Waste discharge from whiteleg shrimp ponds is typically limited to once per production cycle, moderating the impact of effluents on water quality. There is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs, but evidence suggests that illegal antibiotics are sometimes used on Vietnamese shrimp farms. Environmental issues are mitigated by the certification standards.

General Notes

• The aquaculture industry is currently managed under a farm-based approach.

References

FishSource - Shrimp, Vietnam

Good Fish Guide - King Prawn, Asia: India, Vietnam and Indonesia

Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Vietnam, Farmed

Environmental Notes

• Of protected, endangered or threatened species, this fishery interacts with big skate (Raja binoculata).
• Bycatch for this fishery is considered low.
• Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Yellowfin sole, United States (Alaska), Northwest / Northeast Pacific Ocean, Bottom trawls, Marine Stewardship Council Certified BSAI and GOA flatfish

Environmental Notes

• There is a risk to ETP species with this fishery. Longlines present a hazard to turtles, seabirds and sharks but these risks can be reduced through proper management of fishing gear.
• There is bycatch for this fishery but the scale of the issue is not established.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

• No additional notes.

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact endangered, protected, and threatened (ETP) species.
• Bycatch is considered low for this fishery.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Fishery Progress, Indonesia Western and Central Pacific Ocean yellowfin tuna - handline (AP2HI, IPNLF, MDPI)

Seafood Watch, Yellowfin tuna, Western Central Pacific Ocean, Handlines and hand-operated pole-and-lines

Environmental Notes

• Purse seine sets on anchored and drifting Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) and natural floating objects (logs, flotsam) is widespread, with about half of tropical tuna catches coming from FAD sets. FAD sets have high catch rates of small and juvenile bigeye and yellowfin tunas and unmarketable species and sizes of other fish species relative to unassociated sets
• There are management measures in place.
• Purse seines do not come in direct contact with the seafloor.

General Notes

• No additional notes

Environmental Notes

• This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species.
• Bycatch is considered low in this fishery.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Seafood Watch, Yellowfin tuna, Western Central Pacific Ocean, Handlines and hand-operated pole-and-lines

Environmental Notes

• There is a risk to ETP species with this fishery. Longlines present a hazard to turtles, seabirds and sharks, but these risks can be reduced through proper management of fishing gear.
• There is bycatch for this fishery but the scale of the issue is not established.
• This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed.

General Notes

References

Good Fish Guide, Yellowfin tuna, Western and Central Pacific, Hook & line (longline)

Seafood Watch, Yellowfin tuna, Western Central Pacific Ocean, Drifting longlines