Ocean Disclosure Project

Walmart US

Our customers and members count on Walmart to deliver affordable products in a way that is sustainable for people and for the planet. To meet those needs, we work with partners all along the supply chain to improve the sustainability of products we sell. We do this while working to offer quality products, everyday low prices and putting customers in charge of their food choices by helping provide clear, accurate information about food ingredients and production.

Walmart US employs 1.6 million U.S. associates at more than 5,000 stores and clubs nationwide.

The below profile is based upon reports by participating Walmart US suppliers and has not been verified by third-party traceability systems.

Number of Species	% Volume of Fresh/Frozen from Certified Fisheries	% Volume of Fresh/Frozen from a FIP	% Volume of Fresh/Frozen from Certified Farms
Number of Species 66	% Volume of Fresh/Frozen from Certified Fisheries 76%	% Volume of Fresh/Frozen from a FIP 21%	% Volume of Fresh/Frozen from Certified Farms 99%
Fishing Methods Used in Associated Fisheries Midwater trawl Bottom trawl Dredge Purse seine FAD-free (unassociated) purse seine Gillnets and entangling nets Hook and line Longlines Handlines and pole-lines Rake / hand gathered / hand netted Pots and traps Farmed

Summary

Walmart aspires to help make choices easier and more transparent for people. We serve hundreds of millions of customers every year, and we advocate for them among suppliers to provide more sustainably produced products while maintaining the low prices customers expect.

At Walmart, we value our relationships with the seafood suppliers who are dedicated to providing the highest in quality and safety through practices that promote more sustainable fisheries. We know that seafood is an important source of protein, nutrition, and income for people all over the world. Therefore, we aspire to find our customers safe, affordable, and sustainable seafood that does not negatively impact our oceans. Our goal is to build transparency and continuous improvement in the seafood supply chain so that we can build confidence and provide for our customers now and in the future.

Walmart believes the health of species, fisheries and ecosystems around the world is good for the planet and important to people today and in the future. We are working with our suppliers and partners to track the management of fisheries from which our suppliers source so that we can promote a sustainable supply. We are dedicated to disclosing and making transparent information on the fisheries as reported by our suppliers.

In addition, we care about the men and women in our supply chain and in the seafood industry as a whole, and we are concerned about the ethical recruitment and treatment of workers. While this is a complex issue, we are actively engaged in bringing together numerous stakeholders, NGOs and other private sector companies to help find solutions.

This profile covers all fresh and frozen seafood and Great Value canned tuna sourced in Walmart US FY21 (February 2020-January 2021).

In 2020, Walmart met their commitment to source its U.S. stores Great Value canned tuna as either Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)-certified or, based on supplier reports, from a time-bound Fishery Improvement Project (FIP) actively working toward certification. Read more about their efforts here.

walmart-canned-tuna-2_210804_000440.PNG#asset:15587

https://corporate.walmart.com/ESGReport/

Associated Fisheries

Species and Location	Production Methods	Certification or Improvement Project	Sustainability Ratings
Species and Location Acadian redfish Sebastes fasciatus Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to have unacceptable impacts on ETP species. ETP species that may interact with the fishery include marine mammals, sea turtles and Atlantic sturgeon, but recorded interactions are low. This fishery does not pose a risk of serious harm to bycatch species. Major bycatch species include dogfish and skate, of which, thorny skate is overfished. There is a partial strategy in place to ensure the fishery does not hinder the recovery of thorny skate. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. However, management measures are in place. General Notes Reference SAI Global, 2016, MSC Assessment Final Report and Determination for US Acadian Redfish, Pollock and Haddock Otter Trawl Fishery.
Species and Location Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma Aleutian Islands, E Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Midwater trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to have direct impacts on ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low and there are mitigation measures in place. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.
Species and Location Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma Gulf of Alaska Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. General Notes This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.
Species and Location Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma Sea of Okhotsk Fishery countries: Russia	Production Methods Midwater trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Albacore Thunnus alalunga North Atlantic Fishery countries: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Taiwan	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds, sea turtles, marine mammals and sharks with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch of other tuna, billfishes and sharks is a risk for this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Albacore Thunnus alalunga North Pacific - IATTC Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Hook and line	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are potential risks to sea turtles, seabirds and marine mammals with this fishery, but management measures are in place. Bycatch for this fishery includes several species of tunas, sharks, billfish and other fish species. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Albacore Thunnus alalunga North Pacific - IATTC Fishery countries: Panama	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are potential risks to sea turtles, seabirds and marine mammals with this fishery, but management measures are in place. Bycatch for this fishery includes several species of tunas, sharks, billfish and other fish species. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Albacore Thunnus alalunga North Pacific - WCPFC Fishery countries: China, Cook Islands, South Korea, Taiwan	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to sharks, sea turtles and seabirds with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch of other tuna, billfishes and sharks is a risk for this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Albacore Thunnus alalunga South Pacific - IATTC Fishery countries: China, Taiwan	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds and sea turtles with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch for this fishery includes tunas, sharks, billfish and other fish. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Albacore Thunnus alalunga South Pacific - WCPFC Fishery countries: American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Taiwan	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds and sea turtles with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch for this fishery includes tunas, sharks, billfish and other fish. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes This fishery is used in Walmart's Great Value brand canned tuna sold in the US.
Species and Location Albacore Thunnus alalunga South Pacific - WCPFC Fishery countries: China, Fiji, Taiwan, Vanuatu	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds and sea turtles with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch for this fishery includes tunas, sharks, billfish and other fish. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location American lobster Homarus americanus Gaspé Peninsula Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location American lobster Homarus americanus Georges Bank and Off-Shore Nova Scotia Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes Direct effects of the fishery on PET species are thought likely to be low. While entanglement in lobster gear presents a risk to marine mammals, especially North Atlantic right whales, no entanglements of right whales were reported in the MSC public certification report. Measures are in place to prevent fishing from hindering the recovery and rebuilding of the main bycatch species. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Intertek, 2015, MSC Public Certification Report for Eastern Canada Offshore Lobster Fishery
Species and Location American lobster Homarus americanus Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank - US Gulf of Maine Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are potential risks to ETP species with this fishery, but mitigation actions are underway. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes The Gulf of Maine Lobster fishery MSC Notice of Suspension was 31 August 2020. References Marine Stewardship Council, Gulf of Maine lobster fishery
Species and Location American lobster Homarus americanus Gulf of St. Lawrence North Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location American lobster Homarus americanus Gulf of St. Lawrence South Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. The risk to marine mammals of entanglement in lobster gear is considered low. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location American sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus US Atlantic Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl Dredge	Certification or Improvement Project Some product from certified fisheries	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There is potential for turtle interactions with this fishery, but mitigation actions are underway. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bottom trawls and dredges will directly impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Atlantic cod Gadus morhua Icelandic Fishery countries: Iceland	Production Methods Bottom trawl Gillnets and entangling nets	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to have direct impacts on PET species. There is bycatch for this fishery but non-target species are retained. Management measures are in place to reduce impacts on retained species. The impact depends on the gear type. Bottom trawls will have the greatest impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Atlantic herring Clupea harengus Icelandic summer-spawning Fishery countries: Iceland	Production Methods Midwater trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes The available data on the impacts of fishing on the ETP species in Iceland is scarce. There are management measures in place for whales and seals. Bycatch in this fishery is considered low. There are management measures in place to prevent bycatch of juvenile herring and other species. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Atlantic herring Clupea harengus NE Atlantic Spring spawners Fishery countries: Norway	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact protected, endangered and threatened (PET) species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Atlantic herring Clupea harengus W Newfoundland fall and spring spawners Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes This MSC certification withdrawn (30th January 2019).
Species and Location Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Canada Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. Marine ingredients (herring, menhaden, anchovy) are sourced from fisheries that currently have no serious conservation concerns. There is an ongoing risk of impact that fish escaping from Canadian-sited farms may have on their wild counterparts (as evidenced by the higher numbers of escapees in Canadian rivers). The use of antibiotics was markedly high. The limited availability of registered pesticide therapeutants for the control of sea lice has resulted, at least twice, in the development of resistance to the few products permitted. There is potential for larger-scale, cumulative ecological impacts from effluents. General Notes References Seafood Watch, Atlantic Salmon, Farmed, Canada
Species and Location Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Chile Fishery countries: Chile	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. Overall, the Chilean industry continues to struggle with the control of bacterial diseases and sea lice parasites as indicated by the very high levels of treatment. Direct impacts on water quality at the site are unlikely, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. The use of antibiotic and pesticides in Chile is high; studies on impact are limited. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. A zonal management approach has been adopted based on licenses (concessions); groups of licenses - Aquaculture Management Areas (AMAs); emergency disease zones - Macro Zones; and Areas Autorizadas para el ejercicio de la Acuicultura - Appropriate Areas for Aquaculture (AAA). References Seafood Watch, Salmon - Chile
Species and Location Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Chile Fishery countries: Chile	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in an AIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. Overall, the Chilean industry continues to struggle with the control of bacterial diseases and sea lice parasites as indicated by the very high levels of treatment. Direct impacts on water quality at the site are unlikely, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. The use of antibiotic and pesticides in Chile is high; studies on impact are limited. General Notes Product reported as Global Aquaculture Alliance BAP 1-star. A zonal management approach has been adopted based on licenses (concessions); groups of licenses - Aquaculture Management Areas (AMAs); emergency disease zones - Macro Zones; and Areas Autorizadas para el ejercicio de la Acuicultura - Appropriate Areas for Aquaculture (AAA). References Seafood Watch, Salmon - Chile
Species and Location Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Faroe Islands Fishery countries: Faroe Islands	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed, but there is an increasing effort to use alternative ingredients in feed. There are concerns about the potential for farmed salmon escapes, disease outbreaks, and impacts on wild salmonids. Farmed lumpfish are used instead of wild fish as cleaner fish. Impacts on water quality are localized. Antibiotics are not used on Faroese salmon farms but chemical inputs used to control sea lice are not clearly regulated. General Notes References Good Fish Guide - Atlantic Salmon, Farmed, Scotland, Norway and Faroe Islands, GLOBALG.A.P. certification
Species and Location Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Iceland Fishery countries: Iceland	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed, but responsible sourcing of inputs is encouraged for certified salmon. There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. In addition, concerns have been expressed about the impact on wild wrasse populations used as cleaner fish to control sea lice. Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of pesticides used to control sea lice are of particular concern for farmed salmon. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References Seafood Watch, Atlantic salmon, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard
Species and Location Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Norway Fishery countries: Norway	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed, but there is an increasing effort to use alternative ingredients in feed. There are concerns about the potential for farmed salmon escapes, disease outbreaks, and impacts on wild salmonids and wild caught fish used as cleaner fish. Impacts on water quality from waste discharge are localized. The use of antibiotics on Norwegian salmon farms has reduced significantly since the 1980s. But chemical inputs used to control sea lice are of particular concern for farmed Norwegian salmon and are not clearly regulated. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. The Norwegian salmon industry has adopted a zonal approach to aquaculture management. References Good Fish Guide - Atlantic Salmon, Farmed, Scotland, Norway and Faroe Islands, GLOBALG.A.P. certification
Species and Location Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Norway Fishery countries: Norway	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in an AIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed, but inputs for Norwegian farmed salmon are said to be responsibly sourced. There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. In addition, concerns have been expressed about the impact on wild wrasse populations used as cleaner fish to control sea lice. Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of pesticides used to control sea lice are of particular concern for farmed Norwegian salmon, but the use of non-chemical treatments for sea lice is increasing. General Notes The Norwegian salmon industry has adopted a zonal approach to aquaculture management. References Seafood Watch, Farmed Salmon, Norway
Species and Location Atlantic salmon Salmo salar United States Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Salmon rely on wild capture fisheries for feed. But the use of fishmeal and fish oil in salmon farming in Atlantic North America is reported to be lower than that in other salmon-farming regions. Marine ingredients include herring, menhaden, anchovy sourced from fisheries in Atlantic Canada, Atlantic US and Gulf of Mexico, and Peru. There are concerns about the impact of farmed salmon escapes and disease outbreaks on wild salmonids. Management systems for containment are in place to reduce the risk of escapes and have greatly improved fish containment by farms in Maine (as evidenced by the very low numbers of escapees identified in Maine rivers). The primary concerns for disease are sea lice and Infectious Salmon Anaemia, however the risk of transmission to wild salmon appears to be low. Impacts on water quality are localized, but there is potential for cumulative impacts in densely farmed areas. Chemical inputs of antibiotics and of pesticides used to control sea lice are of particular concern for salmon farmed in Atlantic North America. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References Seafood Watch, Atlantic salmon, farmed, United States (Maine)
Species and Location Bay scallop Argopecten irradians China Fishery countries: China	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Farmed scallops are not provided external feed. The risk of escape is considered to be low. Relatively few diseases have been reported in scallops. The majority of the source of stock for farmed scallops comes from natural or passive settlement. Due to the lack of data on source stocks, the percentage of production from hatchery-raised broodstock or natural (passive) settlement is difficult to quantify; however, the removal of wild scallops for broodstock is not expected to have any negative impacts on the wild stock. Little to no chemicals are used in the culture of scallops. Improved husbandry and cleaning methods rather than use of antibiotics are employed to prevent bacterial infections. No chemicals are used during the grow-out phase of scallop culture. Cleaning solutions (i.e., bleach) used during the hatchery phase are not discharged to the marine environment. General Notes References Seafood Watch, Worldwide Farmed Scallops Report
Species and Location Blue crab Callinectes sapidus Mexico Gulf of Mexico Fishery countries: Mexico	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Campeche blue crab - pot/trap & ring nets
Species and Location Blue crab Callinectes sapidus US NW Gulf of Mexico (Louisiana/GSFMC) Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to marine mammals with this fishery. Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Blue mussel Mytilus edulis Chile Fishery countries: Chile	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes No feed inputs are used to support farmed mussels. The larval phase of mussels may be transported away from farm sites. The spread of non-native musels and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern. There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed mussels, and water quality has been shown to improve at farmed mussel sites. General Notes References Seafood Watch, Farmed Mussels, Worldwide, Best Aquaculture Practices Certified BAP Mussel Standard
Species and Location Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus India Fishery countries: India	Production Methods Gillnets and entangling nets Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes There is a lack of information on interactions with ETP species in this fishery. There is some bycatch of other crabs in this fishery. There is a lack of information on habitat impacts in this fishery. General Notes References Fishery Progress, India Palk Bay blue swimming crab - gillnet
Species and Location Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus Java Sea Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Gillnets and entangling nets Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Indonesian blue swimming crab - gillnet/trap Fishery Progress, Indonesia Jepara blue swimming crab - bottom gillnet
Species and Location Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus Western Visayan Sea Fishery countries: Philippines	Production Methods Gillnets and entangling nets Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes There are risks to marine mammals and turtles with this fishery. Bycatch varies for this fishery depending on gear type. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Philippines blue swimming crab - bottom-set gillnet & pot/trap (PACPI)
Species and Location Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus Thailand Fishery countries: Thailand	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes There are risks to sea turtles with this fishery. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery. Habitat impacts are not well understood. Plans to identify and manage potential impacts are underway. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Thailand blue swimming crab - bottom gillnet/trap
Species and Location Blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus Vietnam Fishery countries: Vietnam	Production Methods Gillnets and entangling nets Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes The risks to sharks and sea turtles with this fishery is considered low. There is bycatch for this fishery but non-target species are retained. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Vietnam blue swimming crab - bottom gillnet/pot/trap
Species and Location Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus Western Central Atlantic Fishery countries: Bahamas	Production Methods Rake / hand gathered / hand netted	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus United States Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Very low amounts of fishmeal and fish oil are used in the catfish feed, which is made primarily from agricultural crop-derived ingredients. Risks of escapes, competition with, and disease outbreaks to wild catfish are low. Environmental impacts from effluents and chemical use are minimal and well-regulated. General Notes References Seafood Watch, Channel Catfish, Farmed
Species and Location Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus US Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in an AIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Very low amounts of fishmeal and fish oil are used in the catfish feed, which is made primarily from agricultural crop-derived ingredients. Risks of escapes, competition with, and disease outbreaks to wild catfish are low. Environmental impacts from effluents and chemical use are minimal and well-regulated. General Notes Product reported as Global Aquaculture Alliance BAP 1-star. References Seafood Watch, Channel Catfish, Farmed
Species and Location Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Alaska - Southeast Alaksa Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Alaska - Southeast Alaska Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Purse seine Gillnets and entangling nets	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Intertek Moody Marine, 2013, Alaska Salmon Fishery MSC Public Certification Report
Species and Location Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Alaska - Bristol Bay, Prince William Sound Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact PET species. Management measures are in place to minimise bycatch of non-target salmon stocks. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References MRAG Americas, 2019, 3rd Re-Assessment Report Alaska Salmon Fishery MSC Public Certification Report SCS Global, April 2017, MSC Public Certification Report for Annette Islands Reserve Salmon Fishery
Species and Location Coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Chile Fishery countries: Chile	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fish oil in Chilean salmon feeds continue to be replaced by high levels of crop protein or oil ingredients, and also with by-products from land-animal processing. Data provided by major feed companies supplying Chilean farms and by Intesal show the feed conversion ratio (dry weight of feed to wet weight of fish) is 1.2 for coho salmon. From first principles, 1.56 MT of wild fish would need to be caught to produce 1 metric ton of farmed coho salmon. Large escape events continue to occur in Chile, although at a reducing frequency. Coho salmon show greater evidence of reproduction and establishment in Chile, and escaped fish have been shown to predate on wild fish. The open nature of net pen production systems leaves fish inherently vulnerable to infection. Overall, the Chilean industry continues to struggle with the control of bacterial diseases and sea lice parasites as indicated by the very high levels of treatment. Frequent treatment with antibiotics that are highly important for human medicine (and critically important to veterinary medicine) is not prudent, judicious, or justified when the risks are considered. Academic studies of soluble nutrients across all salmon farming regions indicate direct impacts at the site are unlikely, but the potential for cumulative impacts remains a moderate concern. General Notes References Seafood Watch, Chile Farmed Coho Salmon, ASC
Species and Location Dot-dash grouper Epinephelus poecilonotus Aru Bay, Arafura Sea and Eastern of Timor Sea Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Longlines Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes This Indonesian multispecies fishery captures Snappers nei, Groupers nei and other reef fishes. There is as yet no consensus as to the stock structure of these species. This profile may undergo restructuring in the future as new information comes to light. References Fishery Progress, Aru, Arafura and Timor Seas snapper and grouper - handlines, bottom set longline
Species and Location Dungeness crab Cancer magister Alaska Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Dungeness crab Cancer magister Oregon Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, US Oregon Dungeness crab - pot/trap
Species and Location Duskytail grouper Epinephelus bleekeri Aru Bay, Arafura Sea and Eastern of Timor Sea Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes This Indonesian multispecies fishery captures Snappers nei, Groupers nei and other reef fishes. There is as yet no consensus as to the stock structure of these species. This profile may undergo restructuring in the future as new information comes to light. References Fishery Progress, Indonesia snapper and grouper - bottom longline, dropline, trap, and gillnet (ADI)
Species and Location European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax Turkey Fishery countries: Turkey	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Escapes are a concern and little is known about the risk of disease transfer to wild species. Impacts on water quality are localized and have not been shown to have cumulative impacts beyond the immediate farm site. Chemical inputs are only used for health management and are applied in a controlled manner. Reports indicate responsible use, but there is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References Good Fish Guide - Bass, seabass (Farmed), Europe, GAA BAP 3* & 4* certified Seafood Watch, European sea bass, Turkey
Species and Location Giant tiger prawn Penaeus monodon India Fishery countries: India	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fishoil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Frequent water exchange increases the likelihood of escapes, but the risk from escapes is low as Giant tiger prawn are native to India. Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern. Production is reliant on wild-caught broodstock. Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. There is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs, but evidence suggests that illegal antibiotics are sometimes used on shrimp farms in India. General Notes The Coastal Aquaculture Act 2005 regulates shrimp farm planning and production. The Act adopts a zonal approach to aquaculture. The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References Seafood Watch, farmed Giant Tiger Prawn, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Finfish and Crustacean Farms (2, 3, 4-star)
Species and Location Golden king crab Lithodes aequispinus Aleutian Islands - east of 174ºW Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes Information on interactions with ETP species is not available. Bycatch is a significant risk for this fishery. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. However, management measures are in place. General Notes This fishery is certified through the Alaska Responsible Fisheries Management (RFM) Program. References Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute, RFM Certification: Alaska Crab
Species and Location Greasy grouper Epinephelus tauvina Aru Bay, Arafura Sea and Eastern of Timor Sea Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes This Indonesian multispecies fishery captures Snappers nei, Groupers nei and other reef fishes. There is as yet no consensus as to the stock structure of these species. This profile may undergo restructuring in the future as new information comes to light. References Fishery Progress, Indonesia snapper and grouper - bottom longline, dropline, trap, and gillnet (ADI)
Species and Location Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Barents Sea Fishery countries: Iceland, Norway	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds and marine mammals with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Barents Sea Fishery countries: Norway	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Georges Bank Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to ETP species with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. There is bycatch for this fishery but non-target species are retained. Management measures are in place to reduce impacts on retained species. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. However, management measures are in place. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Icelandic Fishery countries: Iceland	Production Methods Bottom trawl Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact PET species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. Bottom trawls will directly impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus Western Indian Ocean Fishery countries: India	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes There are risks to marine mammals with this fishery. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. Measures to protect vulnerable habitats such as cold water coral reefs are in place. General Notes References Fishery Progress, India threadfin bream - trawl
Species and Location Jonah crab Cancer borealis US Atlantic Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas SE Pacific Fishery countries: Peru	Production Methods Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are no records of impacts on ETP species for any fishing gear operating. Minimal impacts of bycatch on other species are expected given the nature of the fishing gear. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Peru jumbo flying squid - jig
Species and Location Mahi-mahi Coryphaena hippurus Eastern Pacific Ocean Fishery countries: Ecuador	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes This fishery interacts with sea turtles, but it is concluded that the impact on the sea turtle populations is low. There are also reported interactions with sharks. No interactions with seabirds or marine mammals have been reported. Bycatch, in general, is very low, since it is a highly targeted fishery. With regard to mother-ships, mahi mahi represents 98.38 % of the total catches. The fishing gears used in Ecuador to catch mahi-mahi or dolphinfish do not contact the bottom and as such do not represent a threat or have any impact on benthic habitats. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Ecuador mahi-mahi - longline
Species and Location Mahi-mahi Coryphaena hippurus Eastern Pacific Ocean Fishery countries: Peru	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes There are risks to turtles and seabirds with this fishery, but mitigation measures are in place. Bycatch for this fishery includes sharks, rays, sunfish, opah, swordfish, and yellowfin tuna. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Peru mahi-mahi - longline (WWF)
Species and Location Mahi-mahi Coryphaena hippurus Indian Ocean Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to have direct impacts on ETP species. Mahi-mahi is bycatch and predator for skipjack. Measures tailored to the characteristics of the fishery and local ecosystem are in place for the purpose of bycatch mitigation. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Mahi-mahi Coryphaena hippurus Western and Central Pacific - WCPFC Fishery countries: Taiwan	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes There are risks to turtles and seabirds with this fishery, but management measures are in place. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Taiwan Hsin-Kang mahi-mahi - longline
Species and Location Mitre squid Uroteuthis (photololigo) chinensis China Fishery countries: China	Production Methods Purse seine Hook and line	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes There are risks to ETP species with this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance. There is a lack of information on bycatch in this fishery. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Shantou-Taiwan Chinese common squid and short arm octopus - jig/trawl
Species and Location Mytilus mussels nei Mytilus spp. Chinese waters Fishery countries: China	Production Methods Rake / hand gathered / hand netted	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes Walmart US discontinued this item after Q2 2019.
Species and Location North Pacific hake Merluccius productus NE Pacific Fishery countries: United States, Canada	Production Methods Midwater trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch in this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Northern brown shrimp Penaeus aztecus Northern Gulf of Mexico - Alabama, Louisiana Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There is potential for turtle interactions with this fishery, but excluder devices are fitted to nets for protection. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. General Notes References Audubon G.U.L.F., Alabama Shrimp FIP Fishery Progress, US Louisiana shrimp - otter/skimmer trawl
Species and Location Northern shortfin squid Illex illecebrosus NW Atlantic Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Northern white shrimp Penaeus setiferus Northern Gulf of Mexico - Louisiana Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There is potential for turtle interactions with this fishery, but excluder devices (TEDs) are fitted to nets for protection. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, US Louisiana shrimp - otter/skimmer trawl
Species and Location Ocean shrimp Pandalus jordani Eastern Pacific - US Oregon Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. However, management measures are in place. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus East and South Rise Fishery countries: New Zealand	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery interacts with sharks and sea birds, but mitigation measures are in place. The risks of serious or irreversible harm to bycatch species identified are ‘low to moderate’. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Aleutian Islands Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are some interactions with seabirds and marine mammals, but this is not thought to be a threat to populations. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. The impact depends on the gear type. Otter trawls are likely to cause some damage to the seabed. General Notes References Good Fish Guide, Pacific cod, Aleutian Islands, Bottom trawl (otter), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) Good Fish Guide, Pacific cod, Aleutian Islands, Hook & line (longline), Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)
Species and Location Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Eastern Bering Sea Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds and marine mammals with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. However, management measures are in place. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus Gulf of Alaska Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds and marine mammals with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Pacific cupped oyster Magallana gigas United States Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes No feed inputs are used to support farmed oysters. The larval phase of oysters may be transported away from farm sites. The spread of non-native oysters and unintentionally introduced species beyond their natural range may be a cause for concern. There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. No feed or chemical inputs are used to support farmed oysters. General Notes References Seafood Watch, Oysters, Farmed
Species and Location Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis NE Pacific - Alaska, US West Coast Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes Profile not yet complete for all assessment units.
Species and Location Pangasius Pangasius hypophthalmus, Pangasius spp. Vietnam Fishery countries: Vietnam	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Pangasius feed includes low levels of fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. As a native species, the risk to wild populations from escapes is low. However, the effects of disease on pangasius farms upon wild fish populations is unknown. Juveniles used in pangasius farming come from Vietnamese hatcheries and the trade of wild-caught broodstock is limited. Panagsius farming in Vietnam is linked to illegal disposal of waste into adjoining waterways with cumulative impacts that contribute to water pollution. However, certified farms are assumed to dispose of waste properly. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. The government requires pangasius farms to be managed under a zonal approach. References FishSource - Pangasius, Vietnam Seafood Watch, Sutchi catfish, Vietnam, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP Standard: Pangasius Farms (2, 3, 4-star)
Species and Location Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Southeast Alaska Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes While encounters with marine mammals and birds have been documented in the Alaskan fishery, the impact on ETP species is not thought to be significant. There is no risk of bycatch for this fishery. Catches of other salmon species are accounted for in the pink salmon management. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat. General Notes References Intertek Moody Marine, 2013, MSC Public Certification Report for Alaska Salmon Fishery
Species and Location Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Russia - East Kamchatka, Iturup Island Sakhalin Fishery countries: Russia	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Russia - Iturup Island Sakhalin Fishery countries: Russia	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low and non-target species are released alive. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat. General Notes References SCS Global Services, 2015, MSC Public Certification Report for Iturup Pink & Chum Salmon Fisheries
Species and Location Queen crab Chionoecetes opilio Eastern Bering Sea Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes This fishery is certified through the Alaska Responsible Fisheries Management (RFM) Program. References Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute, RFM Certification: Alaska Crab
Species and Location Queen crab Chionoecetes opilio NW Atlantic - Newfoundland and Labrador Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes ETP species potentially encountered in the Newfoundland and Labrador snow crab fishery include leatherback turtles and several species of whales and wolfish. There are mitigation measures in place. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax Lake Erie Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Midwater trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes There is a lack of information on interactions with ETP species in this fishery. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance. Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Steelhead trout Onchorynchus mykiss Canada Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Risks of escape and competitive or genetic impact of escaped rainbow trout are considered low-moderate–high risk. Disease issues are not a major concern because of regulatory controls and best management practices. There is potential for discharge nutrients and wastes that can cause harmful farm&dash;level and cumulative effects to receiving waterbodies, but data suggest that management and regulation have been effective in reducing nutrient concerns related to effluent. General Notes References Seafood Watch, Farmed Trout, Canada
Species and Location Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Chile Fishery countries: Chile	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Trout have a high requirement for fish in their diet. Rainbow trout are not native to Chile but have become established in the wild due to intentional stocking. However, there are still concerns about the impact of farmed salmonid escapes and disease outbreaks on wild fish populations. Available data indicates that large numbers of farmed trout have escaped each year since the early 1990s. Production using open net cages and ponds results in the discharge of waste and nutrients directly into the surrounding water. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References FishSource, Salmon, Chile Seafood Watch, Rainbow trout, Chile, Farmed Seafood Watch, Rainbow trout, Worldwide, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Salmon Standard
Species and Location Rainbow trout Onchorynchus mykiss Peru Fishery countries: Peru	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Profile not yet complete. General Notes References Seafood Watch, Farmed Rainbow Trout, Worldwide
Species and Location Steelhead trout Oncorhynchus mykiss United States Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Rainbow trout is fed a high energy diet with moderate amounts of fishmeal and fish oil (approximately 20% and 6%, respectively). Potential escapes pose no significant risk of additional ecological impacts. Regulatory oversight of effluent and chemical use in U.S. ponds and outdoor flowthrough raceways are strong, and the industry follows best practices to minimize disease. General Notes References Seafood Watch, U.S. Farmed Rainbow Trout
Species and Location Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss United States Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in an AIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Rainbow trout is fed a high energy diet with moderate amounts of fishmeal and fish oil (approximately 20% and 6%, respectively). Potential escapes pose no significant risk of additional ecological impacts. Regulatory oversight of effluent and chemical use in U.S. ponds and outdoor flowthrough raceways are strong, and the industry follows best practices to minimize disease. General Notes Product reported as Global Aquaculture Alliance BAP 1-star. References Seafood Watch, U.S. Farmed Rainbow Trout
Species and Location Red grouper Epinephelus morio Gulf of Mexico and NW Atlantic - Southern Gulf of Mexico Fishery countries: Mexico	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes There are risks to sea turtles and marine mammals with this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery. Habitat impacts in this fishery are not well understood. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Mexico Yucatan red and black grouper - longline
Species and Location Red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii China Fishery countries: China	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fertilizers and feeds are used, and it's unknown how much nitrogenous waste is being discharged when pond water is exchanged. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Red swamp crayfish is an invasive species in China. If farmed crayfish escape and become established, they can cause significant ecosystem changes. They can also spread pathogens to native crayfish and farmed shrimp populations. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References Seafood Watch, Red swamp crayfish, China, Ponds
Species and Location Red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii Chinese waters Fishery countries: China	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes There is a lack of information on interactions with ETP species in this fishery, but the introduced red swamp crawfish presents a risk to native crawfish species. Bycatch for this fishery is likely to be low. This fishery takes place in natural freshwater systems and rice fields and is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat. General Notes As an introduced species, the impacts of the fishery on native species and ecosystems need to be considered. References SAI Global, 2016, Report on Qianjiang Hubei Province Red Swamp Crayfish fisheries - A Technical Review Document for the Development of a Fishery Improvement Project
Species and Location Red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii Guadalquivir delta Fishery countries: Spain	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes There is a lack of information on interactions with ETP species in this fishery. The only known significant impact with this fishery is the effect of the introduced crawfish species on the indigenous crawfish species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This is a freshwater fishery close to rice fields, so the habitat impact is very limited. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Spain crayfish (crawfish) - fyke nets & traps
Species and Location Red swamp crawfish Procambarus clarkii United States Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in an AIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Red swamp crayfish farmed in the U.S. in ponds has low environmental impacts. No antibiotics, pesticides, disinfectants or feeds are used. The occurrence of disease or pathogens among farmed crayfish is rare. Red swamp crayfish are native to Louisiana, so the risk of farmed crayfish impacting wild populations is minimal. Red swamp crayfish caught in Louisiana with traps hasn't been assessed, and the limited management of this fishery is a serious concern. General Notes References Seafood Watch, Red swamp crayfish, United States, Ponds
Species and Location Warty swimming crab Portunus haanii China Fishery countries: China	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes References Fishery Progress, China Fujian Zhangzhou red swimming crab - bottom trawl & pot/trap
Species and Location Red swimming crab Portunus haanii Vietnam Fishery countries: Vietnam	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Scallops Pectinidae China Fishery countries: China	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in an AIP	Sustainability Ratings Sustainability not rated
Environmental Notes No feed inputs are used to support farmed scallops. Scallops are mostly farmed within their native range and pose little risk from escapes. Predator control methods used are low-impact and there is little risk of direct or accidental mortality of predators and other wildlife. There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter as no feed or nutrient fertilization inputs are used to support farmed scallops. General Notes Product reported as Global Aquaculture Alliance BAP 1-star. References Seafood Watch, Farmed Scallops
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Eastern Pacific Ocean Fishery countries: Panama	Production Methods FAD-free (unassociated) purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Occasional interactions with sea turtles occur with this fishery. Bycatch of other fish is a risk for this fishery. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Eastern Pacific Ocean Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Associated purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to sea turtles with this fishery, but management measures are in place. Bycatch includes yellowtail, mahimahi, rainbow runner, silky and oceanic white tips sharks, and manta rays. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Indian Ocean - IOTC Fishery countries: Maldives	Production Methods Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes This fishery is used in Walmart's Great Value brand canned tuna sold in the US.
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Indian Ocean - IOTC Fishery countries: Seychelles	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to sea turtles with this fishery. Bycatch for this fishery includes other tuna, fin fishes, sharks and rays. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Indian Ocean Fishery countries: Singapore	Production Methods FAD-free (unassociated) purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact PET species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Western and Central Pacific Ocean - PNA Fishery countries: South Korea, New Zealand, Vanuatu	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to sea turtles, seabirds and marine mammals with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch for this fishery includes other tuna, billfishes and sharks. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: Cook Islands	Production Methods Associated purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There is a risk to sea turtles, marine mammals and sharks, but management measures are in place. Bycatch is still a risk for this fishery. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes This fishery is a risk for sharks, seabirds, marine mammals, and sea turtles, but management measures are in place. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Indonesia Western and Central Pacific Ocean skipjack tuna - pole & line
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: Kiribati, South Korea, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Spain, Taiwan, United States	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to sea turtles, sharks, and marine mammals with this fishery, but management measures are in place. Bycatch includes other tuna, but management measures are in place. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: New Zealand, South Korea, Taiwan, United States	Production Methods FAD-free (unassociated) purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery uses FAD-free (unassociated) purse seine gear, which results in less bycatch than associated fisheries and management measures are in place. Purse seine gear still present a hazard to sea turtles, marine mammals and sharks, but management measures are in place. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Marine Stewardship Council, Talleys New Zealand Skipjack Tuna Purse Seine Marine Stewardship Council, Tropical Pacific yellowfin and skipjack free-school purse seine fishery Marine Stewardship Council, WPSTA Western and Central Pacific Skipjack and Yellowfin Purse Seine Fishery
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: Kiribati, Micronesia, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, South Korea, Taiwan, United States	Production Methods FAD-free (unassociated) purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to sea turtles, sharks, and marine mammals with this fishery, but management measures are in place. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but management measures are in place. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Western and Central Pacific Ocean tuna - purse seine (Thai Union) FIP
Species and Location Skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Taiwan	Production Methods FAD-free (unassociated) purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to sea turtles, seabirds and marine mammals with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch for this fishery includes other tuna, billfishes and sharks. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Snappers nei Lutjanus spp. Aru Bay, Arafura Sea and Eastern of Timor Sea Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Longlines Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes Sharks and rays are of most concern for ETP species with this fishery, and some measures have been implemented. The snapper and grouper fishery is multi-species, in which several other species are caught: emperors, sweetlips, and jobfishes species. A recent study indicated that other species represent around 9% of the total demersal fishery in Indonesia. Also, other species targeted in snapper and grouper fishery include baitfish, representing about 25% of the total catch. The effects of this fishery on other target and bycatch species in the FMA 718 are not completely understood. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Indonesia snapper and grouper - bottom longline, dropline, trap, and gillnet (ADI)
Species and Location Snappers nei Lutjanus spp. Java Sea Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Indonesia snapper and grouper - bottom longline, dropline, trap, and gillnet (ADI)
Species and Location Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Alaska - Bristol Bay, Southeast Alaska, Westward Alaska Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Gillnets and entangling nets	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat. General Notes References Intertek Moody Marine, 2013, MSC Public Certification Report for the Alaska Salmon Fishery
Species and Location Sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka Alaska - Southeast Alaska Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the benthic habitat. General Notes References Intertek Moody Marine, 2013, MSC Public Certification Report for the Alaska Salmon Fishery
Species and Location South Pacific hake Merluccius gayi peruanus Peruvian Fishery countries: Peru	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. Profile not yet complete. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Peruvian hake - industrial bottom trawl
Species and Location Southern king crab Lithodes santolla Gulf of St. Jorge and SW Atlantic - Argentina federal Fishery countries: Argentina	Production Methods Pots and traps	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species, but available data is still limited. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Marine Stewardship Council, Southern king crab, Central Patagonian stock, traps with escape rings fishery in Argentine Sea
Species and Location Swordfish Xiphias gladius Indian Ocean Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes There is a risk to ETP species with this fishery. Longlines present a hazard to turtles, seabirds and sharks, but these risks can be reduced through proper management of fishing gear. Bycatch for this fishery includes tuna, billfish and sharks. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Indonesia Indian Ocean and Western Central Pacific Ocean tuna and large pelagics - longline
Species and Location Swordfish Xiphias gladius Southwest Pacific Fishery countries: Vietnam	Production Methods Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds, sea turtles and marine mammals with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Vietnam swordfish - handline
Species and Location Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis spp China Fishery countries: China	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Tilapia require relatively low inputs of fishmeal and fishoil from marine feed sources in their diet. However, there are significant concerns about the sustainability of feed inputs from domestic sources, which are produced from fisheries that are fully exploited overexploited, or depleted. There is little infomation available regarding impacts of Chinese tilapia production on wild species, includings impacts from escapes, disease outbreaks, and interactions with predators and other wildlife. Nile tilapia are considered highly invasive and there are documented examples of tilapia populations outcompeting local fish species for resources in Chinese waterways. Despite this, there is no information on tilapia escapes at a farm level. In addition, there is little information about on-farm diseases in Chinese tilapia production and disease outbreaks pose a risk to wild fish populations. There is no information regarding interactions with wildlife which may include migrating birds. Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. There is limited information regarding on-farm chemical use and the impact of effluent released by tilapia pond&dash;based farms in China. But there is evidence of the use of illegal chemicals and of antibiotics important to human health in Chinese tilapia production. General Notes Area-based approaches to aquaculture are included in the national and provincial legislation, but it is unclear whether zonal approaches to siting and production are used. The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References FishSource - Tilapia, China Seafood Watch, Nile tilapia, Worldwide Seafood Watch, Tilapia, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP 2, 3, 4-star
Species and Location Tilapia Oreochromis spp. Costa Rica Fishery countries: Costa Rica	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Tilapia require relatively low inputs of fishmeal and fishoil from marine feed sources in their diet. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. General Notes Area-based approaches to aquaculture are included in the national and provincial legislation, but it is unclear whether zonal approaches to siting and production are used. The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References Seafood Watch, Farmed Tilapia, Aquaculture Stewardship Council Certified Seafood Watch, Farmed Tilapia, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP 2, 3, 4-star
Species and Location Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis spp. Honduras Fishery countries: Honduras	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes All fishmeal and fish oil is sourced from by-products. Although the possibility for escape is considered high, the invasiveness factor is considered low given the prior establishment of the species. There is no current data or evidence indicating that tilapia cultured by Regal Springs, Honduras at their floating cage culture sites in Lake Yojoa and Lake Cajon are causing population declines in wild fish through the amplification and retransmission of pathogens or parasites. There is evidence that tilapia cage culture operations in Lake Yojoa and Lake Cajon attract or interact with predators or other wildlife, but the concern for wildlife and predator mortalities due to these operations is low. There are moderate impacts from effluents beyond the farm boundaries. The government management system addresses the effluent water quality; however, there have been records of eutrophication and harmful phytoplankton blooms, which indicate that monitoring measures are not effective. General Notes Area-based approaches to aquaculture are included in the national and provincial legislation, but it is unclear whether zonal approaches to siting and production are used. The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References Good Fish Guide, Tilapia (Farmed), ASC Seafood Watch, Nile tilapia, Worldwide Seafood Watch, Tilapia, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP 2, 3, 4-star
Species and Location Tilapia Oreochromis spp. Mexico Fishery countries: Mexico	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Tilapia require relatively low inputs of fishmeal and fishoil from marine feed sources in their diet. Impacts from escapes, disease outbreaks, and interactions with predators and other wildlife are considered low. Chemical inputs are minimal and impacts from effluents beyond the farm boundaries are thought to be moderate. General Notes Area-based approaches to aquaculture are included in the national and provincial legislation, but it is unclear whether zonal approaches to siting and production are used. The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. References Seafood Watch, Tilapia, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP 2, 3, 4-star
Species and Location Walleye Sander vitreus Lake Erie western and central Fishery countries: Canada	Production Methods Gillnets and entangling nets	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to ETP species with this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance. There is a lack of information on bycatch in this fishery. Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Wellington flying squid Nototodarus sloanii NZ Southern Islands Fishery countries: New Zealand	Production Methods Midwater trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes There are risks to seabirds and marine mammals with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. Midwater trawls may have an occasional but cumulative impact. General Notes This fish plays an important role in the marine food web and so potential impacts on the wider marine ecosystem must be monitored.
Species and Location Whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei India Fishery countries: India	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern but infrequent water exchange on whiteleg shrimp farms moderates the risk. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to India and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes. Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. Waste discharge from whiteleg shrimp ponds is typically limited to once per production cycle. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. The aquaculture industry is currently managed under a farm-based approach. References FishSource - shrimp, India Good Fish Guide - Prawns, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global Aquaculture Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 2 & 3* certified Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global Aquaculture Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 4* certified Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP 2, 3, 4-star
Species and Location Whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei Indonesia Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to Indonesia and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes. Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality and cumulative impacts across a region may occur. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. Legislation on zonal planning that is relevant to aquaculture does exist. A zonal approach to aquaculture is being introduced via an Aquaculture Improvement Project (AIP) in Muncar, Banyuwangi district, East Java. References Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP certification (2 & 3) Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global, GAA BAP certification (4) Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP 2, 3, 4-star
Species and Location Whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei United States Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Disease outbreaks are uncommon in U.S. shrimp aquaculture and as such the need for chemical use is demonstrably low. Risk of escape is considered low-moderate. Juvenile shrimp for stocking are sourced exclusively from domestic hatcheries in the U.S. There is no concern regarding pollution from nutrients or organic matter. General Notes The government has adopted a farm-based approach to aquaculture regulations and licensing. References Good Fish Guide - Prawns, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global Aquaculture Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 2 & 3* certified Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global Aquaculture Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 4* certified Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP 2, 3, 4-star
Species and Location Whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei Vietnam Fishery countries: Vietnam	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fish oil from marine feed sources are used. At least 50% of the feed used in certified production is required to be responsibly or sustainably sourced. Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern but infrequent water exchange on whiteleg shrimp farms moderates this risk. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to Vietnam and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes. Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. Waste discharge from whiteleg shrimp ponds is typically limited to once per production cycle, moderating the impact of effluents on water quality. There is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs, but evidence suggests that illegal antibiotics are sometimes used on Vietnamese shrimp farms. General Notes The environmental impacts described are addressed to some degree by certification. The aquaculture industry is currently managed under a farm-based approach References FishSource - shrimp, Vietnam Good Fish Guide - Prawns, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global Aquaculture Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 2 & 3* certified Good Fish Guide - Prawn, King (whiteleg), prawns, Global Aquaculture Alliance Best Aquaculture Practices (GAA BAP) 4* certified Seafood Watch, Whiteleg shrimp, Global Aquaculture Alliance Certified BAP 2, 3, 4-star
Species and Location Whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei Vietnam Fishery countries: Vietnam	Production Methods Farmed	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in an AIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes Fishmeal and fishoil from marine feed sources are used. Disease transfer between farmed and wild prawns is a concern but infrequent water exchange on whiteleg shrimp farms moderates this risk. Whiteleg shrimp are not native to Vietnam and there is potential for ecological impacts from escapes. Pollution from nutrients and organic matter, as well as chemical inputs, may affect local water quality. Waste discharge from whiteleg shrimp ponds is typically limited to once per production cycle, moderating the impact of effluents on water quality. There is a lack of data on the quantity of chemical inputs, but evidence suggests that illegal antibiotics are sometimes used on Vietnamese shrimp farms. Environmental issues are mitigated by the certification standards. General Notes The aquaculture industry is currently managed under a farm-based approach. References FishSource - Shrimp, Vietnam Good Fish Guide - King Prawn, Asia: India, Vietnam and Indonesia Seafood Watch, Whiteleg Shrimp Report, Vietnam
Species and Location Yellowfin sole Limanda aspera Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. Bottom trawls will directly impact the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Eastern Pacific Ocean - IATTC Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Not certified or in a FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to sea turtles with this fishery, but there are mitigation measures in place. Bycatch for this fishery includes billfish and other tuna species. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes
Species and Location Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Indian Ocean Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Indonesia Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna - handline Fishery Progress, Indonesia Indian Ocean yellowfin tuna - pole & line
Species and Location Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Western and Central Pacific Ocean - Parties to the Nauru Agreement (PNA) Fishery countries: Micronesia	Production Methods FAD-free (unassociated) purse seine	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch for this fishery is considered low. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Western and Central Pacific Ocean Fishery countries: Vietnam	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes There is a risk to ETP species with this fishery. Longlines present a hazard to turtles, seabirds and sharks, but these risks can be reduced through proper management of fishing gear. There is bycatch for this fishery but the scale of the issue is not established. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Vietnam yellowfin tuna - longline/handline
Species and Location Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: Cook Islands	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes There are risks to turtles, seabirds and sharks, but these risks can be reduced through proper management of fishing gear. There is bycatch for this fishery but the scale of the issue is not established. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: Fiji	Production Methods Longlines	Certification or Improvement Project Certified	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch is a risk for this fishery, but there is insufficient data available to assess significance. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes No additional notes.
Species and Location Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Managed
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact ETP species. Bycatch is considered low for this fishery. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes References Fishery Progress, Indonesia Western and Central Pacific Ocean yellowfin tuna - handline (AP2HI, IPNLF, MDPI)
Species and Location Yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares Western and Central Pacific Ocean - WCPFC Fishery countries: Indonesia	Production Methods Handlines and pole-lines	Certification or Improvement Project FIP	Sustainability Ratings Needs improvement
Environmental Notes This fishery is unlikely to impact protected, endangered and threatened (PET) species. Bycatch is considered low for this fishery. This fishery is unlikely to have a significant impact on the sea bed. General Notes This fishery entered MSC Full Assessment in November 2019 and was MSC Certified in Jan 2021. References Fishery Progress, Indonesia Western and Central Pacific Ocean yellowfin tuna - pole & line Marine Stewardship Council, Indonesia pole-and-line and handline, skipjack and yellowfin tuna of Western and Central Pacific archipelagic waters
Species and Location Yellowtail rockfish Sebastes flavidus US West Coast Fishery countries: United States	Production Methods Bottom trawl	Certification or Improvement Project Some product from certified fisheries	Sustainability Ratings Well managed
Environmental Notes Profile not yet complete. General Notes No additional notes